Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and cerebral vasculopathy associated with influenza A infection: report of a case and review of the literature.

Background And Purpose: Influenza A infection can precipitate encephalopathy, encephalitis, or Reye syndrome with the development of cerebral edema in children and is associated with an increased incidence of stroke in adults. The mechanism of these events is poorly understood. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is seen in association with infection/sepsis, and cerebral vasculopathy has been demonstrated in PRES.

Effect of antipsychotics on pituitary gland volume in treatment-naïve first-episode schizophrenia: a pilot study.

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of antipsychotics on pituitary volume in schizophrenic subjects. Pituitary volumes were measured in 16 patients with schizophrenia at baseline and 12 months after treatment with an antipsychotic medication using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A group of 12 healthy controls was evaluated at baseline and after 12 months.

Pituitary volume in neuroleptic-naïve schizophrenia: a structural MRI study.

Abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) have been implicated in psychosis. To our knowledge, no prior study has measured pituitary volume in a neuroleptic-naïve schizophrenic population. Herein, we present data exploring the volumetric differences in a sample of antipsychotic-naïve patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia versus appropriately matched healthy controls.

Development and sexual dimorphism of the pituitary gland.

The pituitary gland plays a central role in sexual development and brain function. Therefore, we examined the effect of age and gender on pituitary volume in a large sample of healthy children and adults. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted in one hundred and fifty four (77 males and 77 females) healthy participants.