Primary Care Physicians' Knowledge, Perceptions, and Comfort Level in Managing Patients Fasting in Ramadan.

Once a year, Muslims fast from dawn to sunset during the month of Ramadan. While fasting has many positive health implications, it may pose risks to individuals with underlying health issues. Despite the exemption from fasting for those who are ill, many Muslims with chronic conditions choose to fast.

Bone marrow failure and developmental delay caused by mutations in poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN).

Background: Deadenylation regulates RNA function and fate. Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) is a deadenylase that processes mRNAs and non-coding RNA. Little is known about the biological significance of germline mutations in PARN.

A Shigella flexneri virulence plasmid encoded factor controls production of outer membrane vesicles.

Shigella spp. use a repertoire of virulence plasmid-encoded factors to cause shigellosis. These include components of a Type III Secretion Apparatus (T3SA) that is required for invasion of epithelial cells and many genes of unknown function.

Hace1 controls ROS generation of vertebrate Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidase complexes.

The Hace1-HECT E3 ligase is a tumor suppressor that ubiquitylates the activated GTP-bound form of the Rho family GTPase Rac1, leading to Rac1 proteasomal degradation. Here we show that, in vertebrates, Hace1 targets Rac1 for degradation when Rac1 is localized to the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase holoenzyme. This event blocks de novo reactive oxygen species generation by Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidases, and thereby confers cellular protection from reactive oxygen species-induced DNA damage and cyclin D1-driven hyper-proliferation.

Development and validation of a sensitive and specific HPLC assay of cladribine for pharmacokinetics studies in rats.

Purpose: To develop and validate a sensitive and specific HPLC assay for cladribine (CdA) in plasma for pharmacokinetic studies in rats.

Methods: CdA and the internal standard AZT were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chem. The HPLC system consisted of a Shimadzu LC-9A pump, a 3 im, 250 x 2.