Association Between Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease: Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Analysis and Observational Data From a Bariatric Surgery Cohort.

Obesity is postulated to independently increase chronic kidney disease (CKD), even after adjusting for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension. Dysglycemia below T2D thresholds, frequently seen with obesity, also increases CKD risk. Whether obesity increases CKD independent of dysglycemia and hypertension is unknown and likely influences the optimal weight loss (WL) needed to reduce CKD.

Insulin Response to Oral Glucose and Cardiometabolic Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study to Assess Potential Causality.

Mendelian randomization (MR) suggests that postprandial hyperinsulinemia (unadjusted for plasma glucose) increases BMI, but its impact on cardiometabolic disease, a leading cause for mortality and morbidity in people with obesity, is not established. Fat distribution i.e.

Human serum lipoproteins influence protein deposition patterns on nanoparticle surfaces.

We report the concentration-dependent adsorption of serum lipoproteins onto silica nanoparticles, wherein elevated lipid levels deter complement activation. Two clinically relevant serum lipid levels - corresponding to low and borderline high levels in normal, healthy adults - were used to examine the influence of lipoprotein concentration on nanoparticle complement activation. Human serum albumin was used to study protein adsorption in the presence of lipoproteins.

CH(50): a revisited hemolytic complement consumption assay for evaluation of nanoparticles and blood plasma protein interaction.

The use of nanoparticles as platforms or vehicles for applications in nanomedicine, such as drug delivery and medical imaging, has been widely reported in the literature. A key area of potential improvement in the development and implementation of nanoparticles is the design of surface treatments to maximize residence time in the bloodstream. Major obstacles to the prolonged circulation of nanoparticles include complement activation and opsonization, both of which contribute to the removal of foreign matter from the vasculature.