Corrigendum: The effects of cultural engagement on health and well-being: a systematic review.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.

The effects of cultural engagement on health and well-being: a systematic review.

Purpose: This paper examines the effectiveness of culture-based activities in improving health-related outcomes among middle-aged and older adults. Based on the biopsychosocial model, this review aims to explore the impact of cultural engagement on health and well-being.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review based on peer-reviewed articles retrieved from various electronic databases.

Estimate of the prevalence of subjects with chronic diseases in a province of Northern Italy: a retrospective study based on administrative databases.

Objective: To find a definition of chronic disease based on literature review and to estimate the population-based prevalence rate of chronicity in a province in Northern Italy.

Design: Retrospective observational study based on administrative databases.

Data Sources/setting: Archives of the National Health Service that contain demographic and administrative information linked with the archives of ticket exemptions (2000-2019), the hospital discharge and drug prescriptions (2016-2019).

The role of music in promoting health and wellbeing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The higher disease burden and related costs due to an increasing aging population have placed tremendous pressure on the healthcare systems worldwide. Given that music, both listened and actively performed, promotes and maintains good health and wellbeing among the population, we sought to perform a systematic review that would assess its biopsychosocial effects on a population over 40 years of age.

Methods: A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed articles up to April 2021 was conducted on six electronic databases (i.

Investigating the Mechanism of Ni-Catalyzed Coupling of Photoredox-Generated Alkyl Radicals and Aryl Bromides: A Computational Study.

Photoredox catalysis has emerged as an alternative to classical cross-coupling reactions, promoting new reactivities. Recently, the use of widely abundant alcohols and aryl bromides as coupling reagents was demonstrated to promote efficient coupling through the Ir/Ni dual photoredox catalytic cycle. However, the mechanism underlying this transformation is still unexplored, and here we report a comprehensive computational study of the catalytic cycle.

On the Role of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Salts in Alkyl Radical Generation from Alkyl Alcohols: A Computational Study.

Formation of carbon-carbon bonds through cross-coupling reactions using readily available substrates, like alcohols, is crucial for modern organic chemistry. Recently, direct alkyl alcohol functionalization has been achieved by the use of N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) salts via in situ formation of an alcohol-NHC adduct and its activation by a photoredox catalyst to generate carbon-centered alkyl radicals. Experimentally, only electron deficient NHC activators work but the reasons of this behavior remain underexplored.

A Quantitative Benefit-Risk Analysis of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine among People under 60 in Italy.

The Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 is a vaccine against the COVID-19 infection that was granted a conditional marketing authorization by the European Commission in January 2021. However, following a report from the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) of European Medicines Agency, which reported an association with thrombo-embolic events (TEE), in particular disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), many European countries either limited it to individuals older than 55-60 years or suspended its use. We used publicly available data to carry out a quantitative benefit-risk analysis of the vaccine among people under 60 in Italy.

Growth and remodelling of living tissues: perspectives, challenges and opportunities.

One of the most remarkable differences between classical engineering materials and living matter is the ability of the latter to grow and remodel in response to diverse stimuli. The mechanical behaviour of living matter is governed not only by an elastic or viscoelastic response to loading on short time scales up to several minutes, but also by often crucial growth and remodelling responses on time scales from hours to months. Phenomena of growth and remodelling play important roles, for example during morphogenesis in early life as well as in homeostasis and pathogenesis in adult tissues, which often adapt to changes in their chemo-mechanical environment as a result of ageing, diseases, injury or surgical intervention.

Mechano-biological model of glioblastoma cells in response to osmotic stress.

This work investigates the mechano-biological features of cells cultured in monolayers in response to different osmotic conditions. In-vitro experiments have been performed to quantify the long-term effects of prolonged osmotic stresses on the morphology and proliferation capacity of glioblastoma cells. The experimental results highlight that both hypotonic and hypertonic conditions affect the proliferative rate of glioblastoma cells on different cell cycle phases.

Strain energy storage and dissipation rate in active cell mechanics.

When living cells are observed at rest on a flat substrate, they can typically exhibit a rounded (symmetric) or an elongated (polarized) shape. Although the cells are apparently at rest, the active stress generated by the molecular motors continuously stretches and drifts the actin network, the cytoskeleton of the cell. In this paper we theoretically compare the energy stored and dissipated in this active system in two geometric configurations of interest: symmetric and polarized.

ABT-165, a Dual Variable Domain Immunoglobulin (DVD-Ig) Targeting DLL4 and VEGF, Demonstrates Superior Efficacy and Favorable Safety Profiles in Preclinical Models.

Antiangiogenic therapy is a clinically validated modality in cancer treatment. To date, all approved antiangiogenic drugs primarily inhibit the VEGF pathway. Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) has been identified as a potential drug target in VEGF-independent angiogenesis and tumor-initiating cell (TIC) survival.

Solid tumors are poroelastic solids with a chemo-mechanical feedback on growth.

The experimental evidence that a feedback exists between growth and stress in tumors poses challenging questions. First, the rheological properties (the "constitutive equations") of aggregates of malignant cells are still a matter of debate. Secondly, the feedback law (the "growth law") that relates stress and mitotic-apoptotic rate is far to be identified.

Finite element simulations of the active stress in the imaginal disc of the Drosophila Melanogaster.

During the larval stages of development, the imaginal disc of Drosphila Melanogaster is composed by a monolayer of epithelial cells, which undergo a strain actively produced by the cells themselves. The well-organized collective contraction produces a stress field that seemingly has a double morphogenetic role: it orchestrates the cellular organization towards the macroscopic shape emergence while simultaneously providing a local information on the organ size. Here we perform numerical simulations of such a mechanical control on morphogenesis at a continuum level, using a three-dimensional finite model that accounts for the active cell contraction.

Theory and application of arterial tissue in-host remodelling.

A central therapeutic goal in many applications of modern Biomedicine is the reconstruction of the diseased arterial sections via robust and viable tissue equivalents. In-host remodelling is an emerging technology that exploits the remodelling ability of the host to regenerate tissue. We develop a general theoretical framework of growth and remodeling of arterial tissue starting from a synthetic, degradable, acellularized graft and we demonstrate the potential of mechanistic models to guide the development and assisting in the design of arterial tissue engineered constructs.

Generation and characterization of ABT-981, a dual variable domain immunoglobulin (DVD-Ig(TM)) molecule that specifically and potently neutralizes both IL-1α and IL-1β.

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) cytokines such as IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1Ra contribute to immune regulation and inflammatory processes by exerting a wide range of cellular responses, including expression of cytokines and chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and nitric oxide synthetase. IL-1α and IL-1β bind to IL-1R1 complexed to the IL-1 receptor accessory protein and induce similar physiological effects. Preclinical and clinical studies provide significant evidence for the role of IL-1 in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), including cartilage degradation, bone sclerosis, and synovial proliferation.

Active contraction of the cardiac ventricle and distortion of the microstructural architecture.

The shortening of the myocardial fibers is the microstructural engine that produces the contraction of the cardiac muscle. The complex interplay between fibers shortening and elastic macroscopic strain is functional to the ejection of blood into the pulmonary and arterial networks. Here, we address the contraction of the left ventricle in a finite elasticity framework, adopting the 'prolate ellipsoid' geometry and the invariants-based strain energy proposed by Holzapfel and Ogden, where the mechanical role of fibers and sheets is accounted for.

The role of the microvascular tortuosity in tumor transport phenomena.

The role of the microvascular network geometry in transport phenomena in solid tumors and its interplay with the leakage and pressure drop across the vessels is qualitatively and quantitatively discussed. Our starting point is a multiscale homogenization, suggested by the sharp length scale separation that exists between the characteristic vessels and the tumor tissue spatial scales, referred to as the microscale and the macroscale, respectively. The coupling between interstitial and capillary compartment is described by a double Darcy model on the macroscale, whereas the geometric information on the microvascular structure is encoded in the effective hydraulic conductivities, which are numerically computed by solving classical differential problems on the microscale representative cell.

Mechano-transduction in tumour growth modelling.

The evolution of biological systems is strongly influenced by physical factors, such as applied forces, geometry or the stiffness of the micro-environment. Mechanical changes are particularly important in solid tumour development, as altered stromal-epithelial interactions can provoke a persistent increase in cytoskeletal tension, driving the gene expression of a malignant phenotype. In this work, we propose a novel multi-scale treatment of mechano-transduction in cancer growth.

Time-dependent traction force microscopy for cancer cells as a measure of invasiveness.

The migration of tumor cells of different degrees of invasivity is studied, on the basis of the traction forces exerted in time on soft substrates (Young modulus∼10 kPa). It is found that the outliers of the traction stresses can be an effective indicator to distinguish cancer cell lines of different invasiveness. Here, we test two different epithelial bladder cancer cell lines, one invasive (T24), and a less invasive one (RT112).

Trends in biomedical engineering: focus on Patient Specific Modeling and Life Support Systems.

Over the last twenty years major advancements have taken place in the design of medical devices and personalized therapies. They have paralleled the impressive evolution of three-dimensional, non invasive, medical imaging techniques and have been continuously fuelled by increasing computing power and the emergence of novel and sophisticated software tools. This paper aims to showcase a number of major contributions to the advancements of modeling of surgical and interventional procedures and to the design of life support systems.

Biodiversity studies in Phaseolus species by DNA barcoding.

The potential of DNA barcoding was tested as a system for studying genetic diversity and genetic traceability in bean germplasm. This technique was applied to several pure lines of Phaseolus vulgaris L. belonging to wild, domesticated, and cultivated common beans, along with some accessions of Phaseolus coccineus L.

Perspectives on biological growth and remodeling.

The continuum mechanical treatment of biological growth and remodeling has attracted considerable attention over the past fifteen years. Many aspects of these problems are now well-understood, yet there remain areas in need of significant development from the standpoint of experiments, theory, and computation. In this perspective paper we review the state of the field and highlight open questions, challenges, and avenues for further development.