Capsular Polysaccharide Production in Bacteria of the Mycoplasma Genus: A Huge Diversity of Pathways and Synthases for So-Called Minimal Bacteria.

Mycoplasmas are wall-less bacteria with many species spread across various animal hosts in which they can be pathogenic. Despite their reduced anabolic capacity, some mycoplasmas are known to secrete hetero- and homopolysaccharides, which play a role in host colonization through biofilm formation or immune evasion, for instance. This study explores how widespread the phenomenon of capsular homopolysaccharide secretion is within mycoplasmas, and investigates the diversity of both the molecules produced and the synthase-type glycosyltransferases responsible for their production.

Unravelling the main genomic features of Mycoplasma equirhinis.

Background: Mycoplasma spp. are wall-less bacteria with small genomes (usually 0.5-1.

Comparative genomics of , a fast-growing pathogen of wild .

is a fast-growing species isolated from wild and first described in 2013. isolates have been associated with arthritis, kerato conjunctivitis, pneumonia and septicemia, but were also recovered from apparently healthy animals. To better understand what defines this species, we performed a genomic survey on 14 strains collected from free-ranging or zoo-housed animals between 1987 and 2017, mostly in Europe.

Genome-wide phylodynamic approach reveals the epidemic dynamics of the main subtype circulating in France.

is a major aetiological agent of bovine respiratory disease worldwide. Genome-based analyses are increasingly being used to monitor the genetic diversity and global distribution of , complementing existing subtyping schemes based on locus sequencing. However, these analyses have so far provided limited information on the spatiotemporal and population dynamics of circulating subtypes.

Genomic features of Mycoplasma bovis subtypes currently circulating in France.

Background: Mycoplasma (M.) bovis is a major etiological agent of bovine respiratory disease, which is the most economically costly disease of cattle worldwide. Cattle disease surveillance on M.

Population structure and antimicrobial susceptibility of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae isolates in France.

Chronic non-progressive pneumonia in small ruminants caused by Mycoplasma (M.) ovipneumoniae is mainly controlled by chemotherapy. In France, during the last decade, a rise in M.

Monitoring Diversity and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Calf Feedlots Undergoing a Respiratory Disease Outbreak.

Bovine respiratory diseases (BRD) are widespread in veal calf feedlots. Several pathogens are implicated, both viruses and bacteria, one of which, , is under-researched. This worldwide-distributed bacterium has been shown to be highly resistant in vitro to the main antimicrobials used to treat BRD.

Contagious agalactia monitoring in caprine herds through regular bulk tank milk sampling.

Surveillance and control of Mycoplasma spp. responsible for contagious agalactia (CA) in caprine herds are important challenges in countries with a large small-ruminant dairy industry. In the absence of any clinical signs, being able to determine the potential circulation of mycoplasmas within a herd could help to prevent biosecurity issues during animal exchanges between farms and improve health management practices.

The moderate drift towards less tetracycline-susceptible isolates of contagious agalactia causative agents might result from different molecular mechanisms.

Contagious agalactia is a mycoplasmosis that affects small ruminants, is associated with loss of milk production and high morbidity rates, and is highly deleterious to dairy industries. The etiological agents are four mycoplasma (sub)species, of which the relative importance depends on the countries and the animal host. Tetracyclines are non-expensive, broad-spectrum antimicrobials and are often used to control mastitis in dairy herds.

Palliative Sedation in Terminal Cancer Patients Admitted to Hospice or Home Care Programs: Does the Setting Matter? Results From a National Multicenter Observational Study.

Context: Few studies regarding palliative sedation (PS) have been carried out in home care (HC) setting. A comparison of PS rate and practices between hospice (HS) and HC is also lacking.

Objectives: Comparing HC and HS settings for PS rate, patient clinical characteristics before and during PS, decision-making process, and clinical aspects of PS.

Identification and Characterization of sp. nov. Strains Isolated from Alpine Ibex: A 4th Species in the Cluster Hosted by Non-domesticated Ruminants?

The genus , a group of free-living, wall-less prokaryotes includes more than 100 species of which dozens are primary pathogens of humans and domesticated animals. species isolated from wildlife are rarely investigated but could provide a fuller picture of the evolutionary history and diversity of this genus. In 2013 several isolates from wild Caprinae were tentatively assigned to a new species, ( sp.

New Insights into the Classification and Integration Specificity of Streptococcus Integrative Conjugative Elements through Extensive Genome Exploration.

Recent genome analyses suggest that integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are widespread in bacterial genomes and therefore play an essential role in horizontal transfer. However, only a few of these elements are precisely characterized and correctly delineated within sequenced bacterial genomes. Even though previous analysis showed the presence of ICEs in some species of Streptococci, the global prevalence and diversity of ICEs was not analyzed in this genus.

Deciphering regulatory variation of THI genes in alcoholic fermentation indicate an impact of Thi3p on PDC1 expression.

Background: Thiamine availability is involved in glycolytic flux and fermentation efficiency. A deficiency of this vitamin may be responsible for sluggish fermentations in wine making. Therefore, both thiamine uptake and de novo synthesis could have key roles in fermentation processes.

Differential adaptation to multi-stressed conditions of wine fermentation revealed by variations in yeast regulatory networks.

Background: Variation of gene expression can lead to phenotypic variation and have therefore been assumed to contribute the diversity of wine yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) properties. However, the molecular bases of this variation of gene expression are unknown. We addressed these questions by carrying out an integrated genetical-genomic study in fermentation conditions.

QTL mapping of the production of wine aroma compounds by yeast.

Background: Wine aroma results from the combination of numerous volatile compounds, some produced by yeast and others produced in the grapes and further metabolized by yeast. However, little is known about the consequences of the genetic variation of yeast on the production of these volatile metabolites, or on the metabolic pathways involved in the metabolism of grape compounds. As a tool to decipher how wine aroma develops, we analyzed, under two experimental conditions, the production of 44 compounds by a population of 30 segregants from a cross between a laboratory strain and an industrial strain genotyped at high density.

Deciphering the molecular basis of wine yeast fermentation traits using a combined genetic and genomic approach.

The genetic basis of the phenotypic diversity of yeast is still poorly understood. Wine yeast strains have specific abilities to grow and ferment under stressful conditions compared with other strains, but the genetic basis underlying these traits is unknown. Understanding how sequence variation influences such phenotypes is a major challenge to address adaptation mechanisms of wine yeast.