Real-time estimation of immunological responses against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in the UK: a mathematical modelling study.

Background: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and COVID-19 vaccination have resulted in complex exposure histories. Rapid assessment of the effects of these exposures on neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for informing vaccine strategy and epidemic management. We aimed to investigate heterogeneity in individual-level and population-level antibody kinetics to emerging variants by previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure history, to examine implications for real-time estimation, and to examine the effects of vaccine-campaign timing.

"I need as much support as I can get": A qualitative study of young adult perspectives on family involvement in treatment for opioid use disorder.

Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) among young adults (YAs) continues to persist as a national health crisis. Best practice recommendations for YA OUD treatment highlight the importance of medication for OUD (MOUD) and family involvement across the treatment services continuum for better treatment retention and outcomes. Yet, concerned significant others (CSOs) such as family members, romantic partners, and family-of-choice members are not routinely involved in OUD and MOUD treatment for YAs.

Standard Versus Family-Based Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment for Adolescent Substance Use in Primary Care: Protocol for a Multisite Randomized Effectiveness Trial.

Background: Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for adolescents (SBIRT-A) is widely recommended to promote detection and early intervention for alcohol and other drug (AOD) use in pediatric primary care. Existing SBIRT-A procedures rely almost exclusively on adolescents alone, despite the recognition of caregivers as critical protective factors in adolescent development and AOD use. Moreover, controlled SBIRT-A studies conducted in primary care have yielded inconsistent findings about implementation feasibility and effects on AOD outcomes and overall developmental functioning.

Using Q-sort method to explore autistic students' views of the impacts of their anxiety at school.

Many autistic students experience anxiety, but there is little research that explores how anxiety might affect autistic students in the school environment. In this study, 45 autistic students, aged 7 to 17 years, completed an online sorting activity to tell us how anxiety impacts them at school. The students were given 21 statements about possible social and academic effects of anxiety (for example, 'When I'm worried it's hard to start my schoolwork' or 'When I'm worried I talk less to my friends or other students'), and sorted them based on how much they agreed each statement was true for them.

The Critical Role of Physical Activity and Weight Management in Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review.

Physical activity (PA) and weight management are critical components of an effective knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) management plan, yet most people with OA remain insufficiently active and/or overweight. Clinicians and their care teams play an important role in educating patients with OA about PA and weight management, eliciting patient motivation to engage in these strategies, and referring patients to appropriate self-management interventions. The purpose of this review is to educate clinicians about the current public health and clinical OA guidelines for PA and weight management and highlight a variety of evidence-based self-management interventions available in community and clinical settings and online.

The association between influenza vaccine effectiveness and egg-based manufacturing technology: literature review and US expert consensus.

Background: Influenza is associated with significant disease burden in the US and is currently best controlled by vaccination programs. Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) is low and may be reduced by several factors, including egg adaptations. Although non-egg-based influenza vaccines reportedly have greater VE in egg-adapted seasons, evidence for egg adaptations' reduction of VE is indirect and dissociated, apart from two previous European consensuses.

The relationshipbetween anxiety and social outcomes in autistic children and adolescents: A meta-analysis.

Anxiety is one of the most frequently reported co-occurring conditions for autistic children and adolescents. The relationship between anxiety and social outcomes in autistic youth has been the focus of a range of studies, with mixed results. This meta-analysis aimed to identify the strength of the association between anxiety and a frequently researched social outcome (social competence) in autistic young people and whether that association is influenced by individual or research design factors.

Identifying opportunities for harmonized microplastics and mesoplastics monitoring for Caribbean Small Island Developing States using a spatiotemporal assessment of beaches in South Eleuthera, The Bahamas.

Increasing quantities of microplastics and mesoplastics in the marine environment underscore the need for marine microplastics to be included in the global Plastics Treaty to end plastic pollution. Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) lack harmonized microplastics monitoring protocols, leaving them data deficient at the science-policy interface required for treaty negotiations. This baseline study assessed spatial and seasonal abundance and distribution of microplastic (1-5 mm) and mesoplastic (5-25 mm) on 16 beaches with three coastal exposures (Atlantic Ocean, Exuma Sound, Bahama Bank) in South Eleuthera, The Bahamas and its implications for Caribbean SIDS.

Conservatism versus sustainability: recognising the interconnectivity of ALARA and sustainability.

Sustainability in its widest definition covers societal, economic and environmental factors and requires striking a balance between the needs of current and future generations. It is not always recognised that there is a link between sustainability and the work of radiological protection professionals. However, in managing safety and the environment, sustainability is an integral part of the radiological protection professionals' role.

Evidence Review for Preventing Osteoarthritis After an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: An Osteoarthritis Action Alliance Consensus Statement.

Context: The Osteoarthritis Action Alliance formed a secondary prevention task group to develop a consensus on secondary prevention recommendations to reduce the risk of osteoarthritis after a knee injury.

Objective: Our goal was to provide clinicians with secondary prevention recommendations that are intended to reduce the risk of osteoarthritis after a person has sustained an anterior cruciate ligament injury. Specifically, this manuscript describes our methods, literature reviews, and dissenting opinions to elaborate on the rationale for our recommendations and to identify critical gaps.

Preventing Osteoarthritis After an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: An Osteoarthritis Action Alliance Consensus Statement.

After an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, people need secondary prevention strategies to identify osteoarthritis at its earliest stages so that interventions can be implemented to halt or slow the progression toward its long-term burden. The Osteoarthritis Action Alliance formed an interdisciplinary Secondary Prevention Task Group to develop a consensus on recommendations to provide clinicians with secondary prevention strategies that are intended to reduce the risk of osteoarthritis after a person has an ACL injury. The group achieved consensus on 15 out of 16 recommendations that address patient education, exercise and rehabilitation, psychological skills training, graded-exposure therapy, cognitive-behavioral counseling (lacked consensus), outcomes to monitor, secondary injury prevention, system-level social support, leveraging technology, and coordinated care models.

Effect of different drying techniques on the nutrient and physiochemical properties of (ripe banana) powder.

(ripe ) is the staple food of south India, especially Kerala. The present study analyzed the effect of different drying techniques, namely, freeze, spray and tray drying on the retention of nutrients especially micronutrients. Mineral content was determined by using Atomic absorption spectroscopy and Vitamin content was determined through High-performance liquid chromatography.

Revealing color change and drying mechanisms of pulsed vacuum steamed Cistanche deserticola through bioactive components, microstructural and starch gelatinization properties.

Cistanche deserticola is a famous herbal medicine and has been used worldwide for its kidney-tonifying and anti-aging values. This study investigated the effects of pulsed vacuum steaming (PVS) on bioactive phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs), total soluble sugars, polysaccharides, color, drying characteristics, microstructure, and starch gelatinization properties of Cistanche deserticola. PVS pretreatment significantly increased PhGs and soluble sugar content while reduced the polysaccharides content.

Drying Characteristics and Microbiological Quality Assessment of Solar-Dried Tomato.

Tomato () is an important vegetable used in cooking most local foods in Ghana. At the peak season of harvesting, high loses are incurred because of the absence of tomato processing facilities to store, process, and extend the shelf life of fresh tomatoes. Solar drying has been proven to be a more efficient and low-cost method of enhancing quality and adding value to tomato and other vegetables.

Barriers and facilitators to the adoption and implementation of evidence-based injury prevention training programmes: a narrative review.

While there is a multitude of evidence supporting the efficacy of injury prevention training programmes, the literature investigating the implementation of these programmes is, in contrast, rather limited. This narrative review sought to describe the commonly reported barriers and facilitators of the implementation of injury prevention training programmes among athletes in organised sport. We also aimed to identify necessary steps to promote the uptake and sustainable use of these programmes in non-elite athletic communities.

Energy-Dependent Particle Size Distribution Models for Multi-Disc Mill.

Comminution is important in the processing of biological materials, such as cereal grains, wood biomass, and food waste. The most popular biomaterial grinders are hammer and roller mills. However, the grinders with great potential in the processing of biomass are mills that use cutting, e.