A framework to improve retention of Black surgical trainees: A Society of Black Academic Surgeons white paper.

Attrition is high among surgical trainees, and six of ten trainees consider leaving their programs, with two ultimately leaving before completion of training. Given known historically and systemically rooted biases, Black surgical trainees are at high risk of attrition during residency training. With only 4.

Early-stage breast cancer treatment disparities in the Midsouth: Has anything changed?

Background: We sought to determine if racial disparities in treatment and survival persist among patients with breast cancer in the Midsouth.

Methods: Patients with early-stage breast cancer were identified in the tumor registry of a large healthcare system in the Midsouth. Regression analyses were performed to determine how race was associated with receipt of treatment and mortality.

Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Outcomes Following Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: We sought to determine the impact of social determinants of health (SDoH) on outcomes of patients undergoing resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Patients And Methods: Patients with HCC in the National Cancer Database who underwent resection from 2009 to 2018 were identified. SDoH associated with length of stay (LOS), 30-day readmission, and 30-day mortality were analyzed using regression analyses adjusted for confounding variables.

Recent Improvements in Racial Disparity in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: How Times Have Changed.

Background: Race has been shown to impact receipt of and outcomes following hepatobiliary surgery. We sought to determine if racial disparities in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma persist.

Methods: Information on patients with hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed between 2012 and 2016 was obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

Fatty liver: The metabolic syndrome increases major hepatectomy mortality.

Background: As the obesity epidemic worsens, the prevalence of fatty liver disease has increased. However, minimal data exist on the impact of combined fatty liver and metabolic syndrome on hepatectomy outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this analysis is to measure the outcomes of patients who do and do not have a fatty liver undergoing hepatectomy in the presence and absence of the metabolic syndrome.

Treatment Patterns and Distance to Treatment Facility for Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Extremity.

Background: The impact that distance traveled to receive treatment has on treatments and outcomes among patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of the extremity has yet to be thoroughly investigated.

Methods: Information on patients treated for STS of the extremity between 2006 and 2015 was obtained from the National Cancer Database. Patients were stratified into two groups based on median distance traveled to receive treatment.

In vivo measurement of esophageal hiatus surface area using MDCT: description of the methodology and clinical validation.

Purpose: Accurate estimation of esophageal hiatus surface area (HSA) prior to surgical repair of hiatal hernia is difficult. The ability to do so may assist with following progression of hiatal hernias, choosing the optimal surgical approach and post-surgical evaluation. We developed a method for measurement of HSA using multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) of multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) scans and sought to validate our method using intra-operative HSA measurements.

Pneumonectomy is necessary following delayed detection of pulmonary artery compromise.

It has been previously suggested that lung tissue remains viable without blood supply from the pulmonary artery (PA). However, our experience demonstrates otherwise. We present 2 cases of accidental left lower lobe PA occlusion during upper lobectomy causing ischaemic changes to the remaining lung tissue.

Retroperitoneal Sarcomas: Does Laterality Matter?

Background: Sarcomas are malignant tumors of connective tissue that can vary widely in etiology. Parameters such as grade, extent of resection, and tumor integrity have been shown to affect prognosis. Our principal aim was to examine associations between the laterality of retroperitoneal sarcomas and tumor characteristics, treatment, and patient outcomes.

Disparity in the use of adjuvant radioactive iodine ablation among high-risk papillary thyroid cancer patients.

Background: We sought to identify treatment disparities existing prior to publication of the 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines in order to identify patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) at risk for receiving inadequate treatment.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with PTC from 2011 to 2013 were identified using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. High-risk disease was defined as T4, N1, or M1.

Soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity: Characterizing symptom duration and outcomes.

Background: We sought to investigate how the interval between symptom onset and diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of the extremity was associated with survival.

Methods: Patients treated for extremity STS years 2006-2015 were stratified by symptom duration: at least two, six or twelve months between symptom onset and diagnosis. Chi-square tests compared patient and tumor-related characteristics based on symptom duration.

The overuse of radioactive iodine in low-risk papillary thyroid cancer patients.

Background: The aim of this study was to use current American Thyroid Association (ATA) management guidelines to identify groups who might be at risk of overtreatment with radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation after surgery for low-risk papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).

Methods: PTC patients were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. Characteristics of low-risk patients (defined as T1 without metastasis) were compared to those not low-risk.

Malignant Phyllodes Tumors of the Breast: Association Between Race, Clinical Features, and Outcomes.

Background: We sought to investigate associations between race, clinical characteristics, and outcomes among patients with malignant phyllodes of the breast.

Methods: Malignant phyllodes cases were identified using Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database. We used chi-square tests to compare characteristics between racial groups and multinomial logistic regression to calculate relative risk ratios (RRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing the likelihood of having particular characteristics by race.

Malignant granular cell tumor: Clinical features and long-term survival.

Background: Malignant granular cell tumor GCT (mGCT) has not been well described. We sought to investigate associations between tumor characteristics, treatments and survival.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with mGCT years 1995-2014 were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database.

Regional diagnostic rates, treatments, and outcomes among patients with invasive ductal carcinoma.

Background: The association between regional breast cancer diagnostic rates, treatments, and outcomes is unclear. We sought to investigate the management and survival of women with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) from geographic regions with variable rates of diagnosis.

Methods: Data on women diagnosed with IDC years 2009-2010 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

Granular cell tumor experience at a comprehensive cancer center.

Background: Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are rare lesions occurring almost anywhere in the body. Multiple case reports have been published. However, there are very few large-scale studies regarding GCT.

African-American Men with Low-Risk Prostate Cancer: Modern Treatment and Outcome Trends.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment patterns for African-American (AA) men with low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) using a national, population-based dataset.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database 2004-2008. AA men aged ≥40 years with low-risk PCa were identified.

Spindle cell carcinoma of the breast: a comprehensive analysis.

Background: Breast spindle cell malignancies are rare. No standard treatment exists.

Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify patients with breast spindle cell malignancies, 1992 to 2011.

Demographics, disparities, and outcomes in substernal goiters in the United States.

Background: Disparities distinguishing patients with substernal goiters from nonsubsternal goiters have not been thoroughly described.

Methods: The National Inpatient Sample database was used to compare patients who underwent substernal thyroidectomy years 2000 to 2010 with those who underwent thyroidectomy for nonsubsternal goiter.

Results: A total of 110,889 patients underwent thyroidectomy for goiter (5,525 substernal and 105,364 nonsubsternal).

Obesity and Weight Loss Attempts among Subjects with a Personal History of Cancer.

Objectives: Obesity is a risk factor for many cancers and obese cancer patients have a poorer prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of obesity and attempts to lose weight among cancer survivors. The effects of cancer treatment and time since cancer treatment were also evaluated.

Characterizing lobular carcinoma of the male breast using the SEER database.

Background: Lobular carcinoma of the male breast is rare. We sought to investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of men and women with lobular breast cancer, using a population-based database.

Methods: We reviewed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database 1988-2008 and identified patients with a lobular breast cancer diagnosis (invasive lobular carcinoma [ILC] and lobular carcinoma in situ [LCIS]) using the "International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition" codes.