Reading eye movements among homonymous hemianopia.

Purpose: To measure the reading eye movement's parameters and quantify the oculomotor dysfunction among subjects with homonymous hemianopia compared to age-matched controls using ReadAlyzer.

Methods: This was a prospective study carried out in the neuro-optometry clinic of a tertiary eye care hospital in South India, from October 2018 to Janurary 2019. Fifty consecutive patients diagnosed with homonymous hemianopia were enrolled in the study after obtaining their written informed consent.

Infectious optic neuropathy (ION), how to recognise it and manage it.

Optic neuropathy can be of infectious or non-infectious/idiopathic aetiology. Many infectious organisms can cause optic neuropathy that can be of varied presentation including papillitis, retrobulbar optic neuritis, neuroretinitis, and optic perineuritis. Detailed history, ocular, systemic/neurologic examination along with appropriate laboratory evaluation can help clinicians to identify the infectious agent causing optic neuropathy.

Efficacy of Neuro-Optometric visual rehabilitation in Homonymous Hemianopia.

Objectives: To assess oculomotor dysfunction and the effectiveness of neuro-optometric visual rehabilitation in improving oculomotor parameters in participants with homonymous hemianopia.

Materials And Methods: Fifty subjects diagnosed with homonymous hemianopia (HH), referred through the neuro-ophthalmology department, were recruited for the study. All the subjects underwent a detailed neuro-optometric evaluation that included testing for sensory, visuo-motor and oculomotor functions.

Epigenetic regulation of the nuclear genome associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrial hereditary disease in which visual loss affects complex 1 activity of the electron transport chain of mitochondria. It first manifests as painless dulling or blurry in one or even both eyes, and as it develops, sharpness and color perception are lost. In addition to primary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, there are also other environmental and epigenetic factors involved in the pathogenesis of LHON.

Optical coherence tomography in papilledema: A probe into the intracranial pressure correlation.

Purpose: To study the optic nerve head characteristics on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with papilledema and correlate them with intracranial pressure (ICP).

Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study of 46 eyes of 23 patients with bilateral optic disc edema secondary to increased ICP. The clinical profile and the OCT features in terms of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL), ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness, and enhanced depth imaging (EDI) B scan images of the optic nerve head were studied and correlated with the ICP.

Changes in visual acuity using low vision devices in patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy: A retrospective study.

Purpose: This study was conducted to estimate the visual acuity improvement in patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) with the help of low vision devices (LVDs) and to analyze the types of distant and near LVDs prescribed to the patients with LHON.

Methods: A retrospective case review of 74 subjects with LHON who were referred to a low vision care clinic at a tertiary eye center from 2016 to 2019 were recruited. The reason for referral was assessed from the patients' electronic medical records (EMR).

Visual outcomes of toxic optic neuropathy secondary to Ethambutol: A retrospective observational study from India, an endemic country.

Purpose: Ethambutol (EMB) is one of the first-line drugs used for treating tuberculosis. Vision loss due to optic nerve toxicity is a well-known potential side effect of the drug. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical features and visual outcomes of patients with EMB optic neuropathy (EON).

Ocular features of patients with Parkinson's disease examined at a Neuro-Optometry Clinic in a tertiary eye care center.

Purpose: To report the ocular features of patients with PD who presented with visual complaints to a tertiary eye care center.

Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out between January 2015 and March 2020 at the Neuro-Optometry clinic of a tertiary eye care center in Southern India. All PD patients with ocular complaints examined by the neuro- ophthalmologists were referred to Neuro-Optometry Clinic for detailed evaluation.

Simultaneous screening for antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and aquaporin-4 in patients with optic neuritis using cell-based assay.

This study was aimed to test simultaneous detection of antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)/aquaporin4 AQP4) in serum samples of patients with clinically-diagnosed optic neuritis (ON), by fixed cell-based immunofluorescence assay (CBIFA). The study involved 237 serum samples of patients with ON which were tested for MOG and AQP4 antibodies using fixed CBIFA kit which utilizes AQP4 or MOG protein transfected cells as a substrate. Of 237 serum samples, 22 (9%) were positive for AQP4, 66 (28%) were positive for MOG, and 138 (58%) were negative for both AQP4 and MOG antibodies.

Clinical profile, imaging features and short term visual outcomes of Indian optic neuritis patients with and without seromarkers for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and neuromyelitis optica.

Purpose: To analyze clinical profile, imaging features, and short-term visual outcomes of optic neuritis patients in Indian population with and without seromarkers for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)/neuromyelitis optica (NMO).

Methods: Electronic medical records of 203 optic neuritis patients who presented between June 2018 and December 2019 to the Neuro-ophthalmology services of a tertiary care center in India were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: Of 203 patients, 57 patients (28.

Tonic Pupil Following COVID-19.

A 37-year-old patient presented to our emergency department with sudden onset decreased vision with a history of being treated for COVID 19 3 weeks earlier. On examination, she was found to have a tonic right pupil, which was confirmed with a dilute pilocarpine test. As tonic pupils are known to be caused by neurotropic viruses and our current understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 is that it does affect the nervous system, we feel that the tonic pupil in our patient may be secondary to COVID 19.

Bilateral optic neuritis with spine demyelination associated with influenza A H1N1 infection.

Purpose: To report a rare case of optic neuritis with spine demyelination following H1N1 virus infection.

Observation: A 66-year-old female presented with decreased vision in both eyes (left > right) following a recent episode of fever and flu. She was diagnosed as H1N1 infection confirmed by viral antigen analysis of throat swab.

Leber hereditary optic neuropathy-new insights and old challenges.

Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is the most common primary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disorder with the majority of patients harboring one of three primary mtDNA point mutations, namely, m.3460G>A (MTND1), m.11778G>A (MTND4), and m.

Artificial Intelligence to Detect Papilledema from Ocular Fundus Photographs.

Background: Nonophthalmologist physicians do not confidently perform direct ophthalmoscopy. The use of artificial intelligence to detect papilledema and other optic-disk abnormalities from fundus photographs has not been well studied.

Methods: We trained, validated, and externally tested a deep-learning system to classify optic disks as being normal or having papilledema or other abnormalities from 15,846 retrospectively collected ocular fundus photographs that had been obtained with pharmacologic pupillary dilation and various digital cameras in persons from multiple ethnic populations.

Reading eye movements in traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to measure the reading eye movements in subjects with traumatic brain injury (TBI) using ReadAlyzer. ReadAlyzer is an objective eye movement recording device that tracks the eye movements while reading.

Methods: Reading eye movements were measured using ReadAlyzer in 30 subjects with TBI (mild, moderate and severe) who had binocular vision and reading related symptoms and 60 asymptomatic controls.

Bilateral optic neuropathy with central diabetes insipidus in a child.

Central nervous system germ cell tumors are rare and they occur in the first two decades of life. Optic nerve germinomas can sometimes mimic optic nerve inflammation. In this case report, we discuss an 11-year-old girl who presented with features of presumed bilateral optic neuritis and developed polyuria and polydipsia, subsequently she was diagnosed to have infiltrative etiology.

Visual Outcomes and Clinical Manifestations of Pediatric Optic Neuritis in Indian Population: An Institutional Study.

Background: Optic neuritis in children is an uncommon disorder which usually occurs after a viral illness or vaccination and, less frequently, occurs as a manifestation of a demyelinating disorder. Pediatric optic neuritis usually is bilateral and presents with optic disc edema, recovers rapidly with steroid therapy, and generally has low conversion rate to multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. We report the clinical features and treatment outcomes of pediatric optic neuritis in Indian population, for which little data are available.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension associated with anaemia, secondary to antiretroviral drug in a human immunodeficiency virus positive patient.

Papilledema in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome is an alarming finding. Any condition giving rise to raised intracranial tension (ICT) can cause papilledema, and in these patients, it could be secondary to opportunistic infections like meningitis to neoplasm. We report a case of a 28-year old female with HIV on antiretroviral therapy, who presented to us, with papilledema.

Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy-Specific Mutation m.11778G>A Exists on Diverse Mitochondrial Haplogroups in India.

Purpose: Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON; OMIM 535000) is one of the most common maternally inherited mitochondrial disorders. Three mitochondrial DNA point mutations-m.3460G>A (MT-ND1), m.