Need for informed providers: exploring LA-PrEP access in focus groups with PrEP-indicated communities in Baltimore, Maryland.

Background: The approval of long-acting pre-exposure prophylaxis PrEP (LA-PrEP) in the United States brings opportunities to overcome barriers of oral PrEP, particularly among sexual and gender minority communities who bear a higher HIV burden. Little is known about real-time decision-making among potential PrEP users of LA-PrEP post-licensure.

Methods: We held focus group discussions with people assigned male at birth who have sex with men in Baltimore, Maryland to explore decision-making, values, and priorities surrounding PrEP usage.

Mask wearing during neuropsychological assessment negatively impacts performance on verbal tests in older patients.

Face masks are recommended to minimize the spread of COVID-19 and are required in many health care settings. Although masks have documented health advantages, they also negatively impact communication, an essential element of clinical neuropsychological assessment. Using a large clinical data set from a major academic medical center, we investigated the effect of mask wearing on neuropsychological test performance.

Information-seeking across auditory scenes by an echolocating dolphin.

Dolphins gain information through echolocation, a publicly accessible sensory system in which dolphins produce clicks and process returning echoes, thereby both investigating and contributing to auditory scenes. How their knowledge of these scenes contributes to their echoic information-seeking is unclear. Here, we investigate their top-down cognitive processes in an echoic matching-to-sample task in which targets and auditory scenes vary in their decipherability and shift from being completely unfamiliar to familiar.

Anxiety Trajectories the First 10 Years After a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A TBI Model Systems Study.

Objective: Determine anxiety trajectories and predictors up to 10 years posttraumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design: Prospective longitudinal, observational study.

Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation centers.

Incidence of Cytomegalovirus DNAemia in Pediatric Post-Renal Transplant Patients Receiving Weight-Based vs Body Surface Area-Based Valganciclovir Chemoprophylaxis.

Objective: To determine the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNAemia and disease, identify potential risk factors, and assess the safety and efficacy of weight-based valganciclovir dosing in pediatric post-renal transplant patients.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective study included patients ≤21 years who received a kidney transplant between January 1, 2011, and November 1, 2019, with 3 to 24 months of follow-up data. Demographics and clinical characteristics were collected to assess for potential risk factors.

Decrease in Enteroviral Meningitis: An Unexpected Benefit of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Mitigation?

Enteroviral meningitis is seasonal, typically exhibiting a rise in prevalence in late summer/early fall. Based on clinical microbiology laboratory testing data of cerebrospinal fluid, the expected August/September/October peak in enteroviral meningitis did not occur in 2020, possibly related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mitigation strategies.

Seasonality of Coronavirus 229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43 From 2014 to 2020.

The possibility of seasonality of COVID-19 is being discussed; we show clinical microbiology laboratory data illustrating seasonality of coronaviruses 229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43. The data shown are specific to the 4 studied coronaviruses and may or may not generalize to COVID-19.

Temporal Profile of Recovery of Communication in Patients With Disorders of Consciousness After Severe Brain Injury.

Objective: Characterize the temporal profile of recovery of communication after severe brain injury.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation hospital.

Antipsychotic Use in the Prevention and Treatment of Intensive Care Unit Delirium in Pediatric Patients.

Objectives: To describe the antipsychotics, route of administration, dosage regimen, and outcomes reported to prevent or treat delirium in hospitalized children.

Methods: Medline, Embase, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts were searched using the keywords "haloperidol," "olanzapine," "quetiapine," "risperidone," "ziprasidone," and "delirium." Articles evaluating the use of these agents to manage delirium in hospitalized children that were published between 1946 and August 2019 were included.

Effect of Tart Cherry Polyphenols on Osteoclast Differentiation and Activity.

Bone is maintained by an intricate balance between bone formation and bone resorption. The presence of inflammation can contribute to an imbalance in bone homeostasis by enhancing differentiation and activity of osteoclasts, the cells that participate in the breakdown of bone. Polyphenols such as flavonoids found in plant-derived foods have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in various tissues.

The long noncoding RNA may regulate expression of several schizophrenia-related genes.

A number of studies indicate that rare copy number variations (CNVs) contribute to the risk of schizophrenia (SCZ). Most of these studies have focused on protein-coding genes residing in the CNVs. Here, we investigated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) within 10 SCZ risk-associated CNV deletion regions (CNV-lncRNAs) and examined their potential contribution to SCZ risk.

The transcription factor POU3F2 regulates a gene coexpression network in brain tissue from patients with psychiatric disorders.

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are complex psychiatric diseases with risks contributed by multiple genes. Dysregulation of gene expression has been implicated in these disorders, but little is known about such dysregulation in the human brain. We analyzed three transcriptome datasets from 394 postmortem brain tissue samples from patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder or from healthy control individuals without a known history of psychiatric disease.

Clinical validation of the Tempus xO assay.

We have developed a clinically validated NGS assay that includes tumor, germline and RNA sequencing. We apply this assay to clinical specimens and cell lines, and we demonstrate a clinical sensitivity of 98.4% and positive predictive value of 100% for the clinically actionable variants measured by the assay.

Sedation and Analgesia Using Medications Delivered via the Extravascular Route in Children Undergoing Laceration Repair.

Objectives: To describe the method of delivery, dosage regimens, and outcomes of sedatives and analgesics administered via the extravascular route for laceration repair in children.

Methods: Medline, Embase, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts were searched using the keywords "child," "midazolam," "ketamine," dexmedetomidine," "fentanyl," "nitrous oxide" (NO), and "laceration repair." Articles evaluating the use of extravascular sedation in children for laceration repair published in the English language between 1946 and June 2017 were included.

Relationship between rate of fentanyl infusion and time to achieve sedation in nonobese and obese critically ill children.

Purpose: The relationship between initial fentanyl infusion dosage and time to goal sedation in nonobese and obese critically ill children was examined.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 75 fentanyl infusions initiated in mechanically ventilated children age 2-17 years with an inpatient admission between January 1, 2012, and May 31, 2014, who subsequently received a fentanyl infusion was conducted. The primary outcomes of the study included the time to goal sedation and fentanyl dosage characteristics (i.

Evolution of transcript modification by -methyladenosine in primates.

Phenotypic differences within populations and between closely related species are often driven by variation and evolution of gene expression. However, most analyses have focused on the effects of genomic variation at regulatory elements such as promoters and enhancers that control transcriptional activity, and little is understood about the influence of post-transcriptional processes on transcript evolution. Post-transcriptional modification of RNA by -methyladenosine (mA) has been shown to be widespread throughout the transcriptome, and this reversible mark can affect transcript stability and translation dynamics.

Investigating body patterning in aquarium-raised flamboyant cuttlefish (Metasepia pfefferi).

Cuttlefish are known for their ability to quickly alter their total appearance, or body pattern, to camouflage or to communicate with predators, prey and conspecifics. The body patterns of some species have been extensively documented to gain a better understanding of their behaviors. However, the flamboyant cuttlefish (Metasepia pfefferi) is largely unstudied.

Praziquantel degradation in marine aquarium water.

Praziquantel (PZQ) is a drug commonly utilized to treat both human schistosomiasis and some parasitic infections and infestations in animals. In the aquarium industry, PZQ can be administered in a "bath" to treat the presence of ectoparasites on both the gills and skin of fish and elasmobranchs. In order to fully treat an infestation, the bath treatment has to maintain therapeutic levels of PZQ over a period of days or weeks.

Non-Intravenous Sedatives and Analgesics for Procedural Sedation for Imaging Procedures in Pediatric Patients.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the method of delivery, dosage regimens, and outcomes of sedatives administered by extravascular route for imaging procedures in children.

Methods: Medline, Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched using keywords "child", "midazolam", "ketamine", dexmedetomidine", "fentanyl", "nitrous oxide", and "imaging." Articles evaluating the use of extravascular sedation in children for imaging procedures published in English between 1946 and March 2015 were included.

The PsychENCODE project.

Recent research on disparate psychiatric disorders has implicated rare variants in genes involved in global gene regulation and chromatin modification, as well as many common variants located primarily in regulatory regions of the genome. Understanding precisely how these variants contribute to disease will require a deeper appreciation for the mechanisms of gene regulation in the developing and adult human brain. The PsychENCODE project aims to produce a public resource of multidimensional genomic data using tissue- and cell type–specific samples from approximately 1,000 phenotypically well-characterized, high-quality healthy and disease-affected human post-mortem brains, as well as functionally characterize disease-associated regulatory elements and variants in model systems.

Diving Related Changes in the Blood Oxygen Stores of Rehabilitating Harbor Seal Pups (Phoca vitulina).

Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) pups begin diving within hours of birth, stimulating the development of the blood oxygen (O2) stores necessary to sustain underwater aerobic metabolism. Since harbor seals experience a brief nursing period, the early-life development of these blood O2 stores is necessary for successful post-weaning foraging. If mothers and pups become prematurely separated, the pup may be transported to a wildlife rehabilitation center for care.

Use of continuous-infusion loop diuretics in critically ill children.

Loop diuretics are commonly used in critically ill children to achieve appropriate fluid balance. They are often administered as a continuous intravenous infusion (CI) in hemodynamically unstable children because of fewer alterations in central venous pressure, oxygen saturation, and heart rate compared with scheduled intermittent dosing. During the past few years, however, drug shortages have been reported for bumetanide, torsemide, and furosemide.