Dose-dependent regulation of immune memory responses against HIV by saponin monophosphoryl lipid A nanoparticle adjuvant.

The induction of durable protective immune responses is the main goal of prophylactic vaccines, and adjuvants play an important role as drivers of such responses. Despite advances in vaccine strategies, a safe and effective HIV vaccine remains a significant challenge. The use of an appropriate adjuvant is crucial to the success of HIV vaccines.

Mucosal and Systemic Responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccination Determined by Severity of Primary Infection.

With much of the world infected with or vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (commonly abbreviated SARS-CoV-2; abbreviated here SARS2), understanding the immune responses to the SARS2 spike (S) protein in different situations is crucial to controlling the pandemic. We studied the clinical, systemic, mucosal, and cellular responses to two doses of SARS2 mRNA vaccines in 62 individuals with and without prior SARS2 infection that were divided into three groups based on antibody serostatus prior to vaccination and/or degree of disease symptoms among those with prior SARS2 infection: antibody negative (naive), low symptomatic, and symptomatic. Antibody negative were subjects who were antibody negative (i.

Human Pleural Fluid Elicits Pyruvate and Phenylalanine Metabolism in to Enhance Cytotoxicity and Immune Evasion.

() is one of the most treacherous pathogens among those causing hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). possesses an adaptable physiology, seen not only in its antibiotic resistance and virulence phenotypes but also in its metabolic versatility. In this study, we observed that undergoes global transcriptional changes in response to human pleural fluid (PF), a key host-derived environmental signal.

Inflammatory production of reactive oxygen species by Drosophila hemocytes activates cellular immune defenses.

The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a prominent response to infection among innate immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. To better understand the relationship between antimicrobial and regulatory functions of blood cell ROS, we have characterized the ROS response to infection in Drosophila hemocytes. Using fluorescent probes, we find a biphasic hemocyte ROS response to bacterial infection.

Using reflection to evaluate student learning in ambulatory care IPPEs.

Purpose: Gather insight from student pharmacists about what they learned and whether objectives of an introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE) were achieved in an academic-based ambulatory care site.

Methods: Students wrote post-reflective essays after their first ambulatory care-site visit. They reflected upon their previous assumptions of ambulatory care, and the roles and skills required of pharmacists in this setting.

Infection control link nurse program: an interdisciplinary approach in targeting health care-acquired infection.

Background: We describe a successful interdisciplinary liaison program that effectively reduced health care-acquired (HCA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a university hospital setting.

Methods: Baseline was from January 2006 to March 2008, and intervention period was April 2008 to September 2009. Staff nurses were trained to be liaisons (link nurses) to infection prevention (IP) personnel with clearly defined goals assigned and with ongoing monthly education.