Patterns, procedures, and indications for pediatric surgery in a Tanzanian Refugee Camp: a 20-year experience.

Background: There are 103 million displaced people worldwide, 41% of whom are children. Data on the provision of surgery in humanitarian settings are limited. Even scarcer is literature on pediatric surgery performed in humanitarian settings, particularly protracted humanitarian settings.

Humanitarian surgical service utilization by a host country population: comparing surgery patterns between refugees and Tanzanians using an interrupted time-series analysis.

Background: While current estimates suggest that up to three million additional surgical procedures are needed to meet the needs of forcibly displaced populations, literature on surgical care for refugee or forced migrant populations has often focused on acute phase and war-related trauma or violence with insufficient attention to non-war related pathologies. To our knowledge, no study has compared refugee versus host population utilization of surgical services in a refugee camp-based hospital over such an extended period of twenty years. The aim of this paper is to first describe the patterns of surgical care by comparing refugee and host population utilization of surgical services in Nyarugusu refugee camp between 2000 and 2020, then evaluate the impact of a large influx of refugees in 2015 on refugee and host population utilization.

Epidemiology of surgery in a protracted humanitarian setting: a 20-year retrospective study of Nyarugusu Refugee Camp, Kigoma, Western Tanzania.

Background: There are 80 million forcibly displaced persons worldwide, 26.3 million of whom are refugees. Many refugees live in camps and have complex health needs, including a high burden of non-communicable disease.

Enzyme and Cancer Cell Selectivity of Nanoparticles: Inhibition of 3D Metastatic Phenotype and Experimental Melanoma by Zinc Oxide.

Biomedical applications for metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are rapidly increasing. Here their functional impact on two well-characterized model enzymes, Luciferase (Luc) or β-galactosidase (β-Gal) was quantitatively compared. Nickel oxide nanoparticle (NiO-NP) activated β-Gal (>400% control) and boron carbide nanoparticle (B4C-NP) inhibited Luc(<10% control), whereas zinc oxide (ZnO-NP) and cobalt oxide (Co3O4-NP) activated β-Gal to a lesser extent and magnesium oxide (MgO) moderately inhibited both enzymes.