Prebiotic galactooligosaccharide feed modifies the chicken gut microbiota to efficiently clear .

Unlabelled: Chicken meat is contaminated with from the gut of infected chickens during slaughter. Eradication of from broiler chickens through hygiene measures and/or vaccination is not cost-effective; complementary approaches are required. A mature gut microbiota obstructs infection in chickens, and deliberate fortification of colonization resistance through prebiotic feed formulations would benefit public health and poultry production.

Live-Cell Imaging of Cytoskeletal Responses and Trafficking During Fungal Elicitation.

Understanding the mechanisms driving plant defense responses holds the promise to provide new means to reinforce plant defense both through agrochemicals and targeted genetic improvement. The capability to quantify impacts of phytopathogens on subcellular dynamics is particularly important when elucidating the role of specific virulence mechanisms that make contributions toward infection success but do not individually alter disease outcome. Acquiring these data requires an investigator to achieve the successful handling of both plant and microbe prior to observation and an appreciation of the challenges in acquiring images under these conditions.

An oomycete effector subverts host vesicle trafficking to channel starvation-induced autophagy to the pathogen interface.

Eukaryotic cells deploy autophagy to eliminate invading microbes. In turn, pathogens have evolved effector proteins to counteract antimicrobial autophagy. How adapted pathogens co-opt autophagy for their own benefit is poorly understood.