Online remote behavioural intervention for tics in 9- to 17-year-olds: the ORBIT RCT with embedded process and economic evaluation.

Background: Behavioural therapy for tics is difficult to access, and little is known about its effectiveness when delivered online.

Objective: To investigate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of an online-delivered, therapist- and parent-supported therapy for young people with tic disorders.

Design: Single-blind, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial, with 3-month (primary end point) and 6-month post-randomisation follow-up.

Long-term clinical and cost-effectiveness of a therapist-supported online remote behavioural intervention for tics in children and adolescents: extended 12- and 18-month follow-up of a single-blind randomised controlled trial.

Background: Little is known about the long-term effectiveness of behavioural therapy for tics. We aimed to assess the long-term clinical and cost-effectiveness of online therapist-supported exposure and response prevention (ERP) therapy for tics 12 and 18 months after treatment initiation.

Methods: ORBIT (online remote behavioural intervention for tics) was a two-arm (1:1 ratio), superiority, single-blind, multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing online ERP for tics with online psychoeducation.

New mental health diagnoses in parents of infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit-a retrospective review of the Military Health System database.

Objective: Studies suggest that parents of NICU infants are at increased risk of mental health disorders. We sought to characterize this risk using a large database.

Study Design: The Military Health System was used to retrospectively link records between parents and infants admitted to a NICU over 5 years and were matched to similar families without NICU exposure.

Therapist-supported online remote behavioural intervention for tics in children and adolescents in England (ORBIT): a multicentre, parallel group, single-blind, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is a form of behavioural therapy for tics; however, its effectiveness remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of internet-delivered, therapist-supported, and parent-assisted ERP for treatment of tics in children and young people with Tourette syndrome or chronic tic disorder.

Methods: This multicentre, parallel group, single-blind, randomised controlled trial was conducted across two study sites in England.

A penalized likelihood for multispecies occupancy models improves predictions of species interactions.

Multispecies occupancy models estimate dependence among multiple species of interest from patterns of co-occurrence, but problems associated with separation and boundary estimates can lead to unreasonably large estimates of parameters and associated standard errors when species are rarely observed at the same site or when data are sparse. In this paper, we overcome these issues by implementing a penalized likelihood, which introduces a small bias in parameter estimates in exchange for a potentially large reduction in variance. We compare parameter estimates obtained from both penalized and unpenalized multispecies occupancy models fit to simulated data that exhibit various degrees of separation and to a real-word data set of bird surveys with little apparent overlap between potentially interacting species.

Modeling Bronchiolitis Incidence Proportions in the Presence of Spatio-Temporal Uncertainty.

Bronchiolitis (inflammation of the lower respiratory tract) in infants is primarily due to viral infection and is the single most common cause of infant hospitalization in the United States. To increase epidemiological understanding of bronchiolitis (and, subsequently, develop better prevention strategies), this research analyzes data on infant bronchiolitis cases from the U.S.

Incident cardiovascular disease in patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis: A multi-database study.

Background: Recent data on rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients after MS diagnosis are sparse.

Objective: To describe incident CVD in MS patients after diagnosis compared with a matched non-MS population.

Methods: We conducted a matched cohort study in two separate electronic medical databases, the United States Department of Defense military health care system and the United Kingdom's Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD.

Multi-database study of multiple sclerosis: identification, validation and description of MS patients in two countries.

Objective: To describe the resources and methods used to identify and validate multiple sclerosis (MS) and match non-MS patients in each of the two databases, and to characterize their demographics, comorbidities and concomitant medications.

Methods: This study was conducted in two separate electronic medical databases, the United States Department of Defense (DOD) military health care system and the United Kingdom's Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD. We identified patients with a first recorded diagnosis of MS in 2001-2016 (CPRD) or 2004-2017 (DOD) and matched non-MS patients using algorithms appropriate to each database.

Dry eye disease ranking among common reasons for seeking eye care in a large US claims database.

Objectives: Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex multifactorial condition of the ocular surface characterized by symptoms of ocular discomfort, irritation, and visual disturbance. Data previously reported from this study showed an increase in prevalence and incidence of DED with age and over time. The objective of this study was to compare the ranking of DED prevalence among other ocular conditions that led patients to seek eye care.

Estimated Prevalence and Incidence of Dry Eye Disease Based on Coding Analysis of a Large, All-age United States Health Care System.

Purpose: To assess overall prevalence, annual prevalence, and incidence of dry eye disease (DED) in a large, representative population in the United States.

Design: Prevalence and incidence study.

Methods: Retrospective analysis using the Department of Defense (DOD) Military Health System (MHS) data on beneficiary medical claims from United States DOD military and civilian facilities, January 1, 2003 through March 31, 2015.

Estimating seasonal onsets and peaks of bronchiolitis with spatially and temporally uncertain data.

RSV bronchiolitis (an acute lower respiratory tract viral infection in infants) is the most common cause of infant hospitalizations in the United States (US). The only preventive intervention currently available is monthly injections of immunoprophylaxis. However, this treatment is expensive and needs to be administered simultaneously with seasonal bronchiolitis cycles in order to be effective.

Investigating a therapist-guided, parent-assisted remote digital behavioural intervention for tics in children and adolescents-'Online Remote Behavioural Intervention for Tics' (ORBIT) trial: protocol of an internal pilot study and single-blind randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder are common, disabling childhood-onset conditions. Guidelines recommend that behavioural therapy should be offered as first-line treatment for children with tics. However, there are very few trained behaviour therapists for tics and many patients cannot access appropriate care.

Comparative safety and effectiveness of dabigatran vs. rivaroxaban and apixaban in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a retrospective study from a large healthcare system.

Aims: We used the US Department of Defense Military Health System database to compare the safety and effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) initiating dabigatran vs. rivaroxaban or apixaban.

Methods And Results: Two cohorts of adults with NVAF, newly initiated on standard-dose DOAC, were identified based on clinical approval dates: July 2011-June 2016 for dabigatran (150 mg b.

Comorbidities and Prescribed Medications in Patients With or Without Dry Eye Disease: A Population-Based Study.

Purpose: To assess the proportion of comorbidities in patients with dry eye disease (DED) compared with matched patients without DED in a comprehensive US population.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Methods: Healthcare records for insurance claims data, detailing medical services incurred by military personnel and their families and dependents in military and civilian facilities across the United States from January 1, 2003, to March 31, 2015, were obtained from the Department of Defense (DOD) Military Health System (MHS).

Repeat Hospitalizations Predict Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure.

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) affects more than 5.1 million Americans and is projected to increase. Understanding the relationship between hospitalization and mortality can help to guide clinical management.

Seasonal patterns of Asthma medication fills among diverse populations of the United States.

Objective: Nonadherence to controller and overuse of reliever asthma medications are associated with exacerbations. We aimed to determine patterns of seasonal asthma medication use and to identify time period(s) during which interventions to improve medication adherence could reduce asthma morbidity.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of asthmatics 4-50 years of age and enrolled in three diverse health insurance plans.

The impact of temperature and relative humidity on spatiotemporal patterns of infant bronchiolitis epidemics in the contiguous United States.

Infant bronchiolitis is primarily due to infection by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which is highly seasonal. The goal of the study is to understand how circulation of RSV is impacted by fluctuations in temperature and humidity in order to inform prevention efforts. Using data from the Military Health System (MHS) Data Repository (MDR), we calculated rates of infant bronchiolitis for the contiguous US from July 2004 to June 2013.

Predictors of Revision Surgery After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background: Arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common orthopaedic procedure. Graft failure after reconstruction remains a devastating complication, often requiring revision surgery and less aggressive or modified rehabilitation. Worse functional and patient-reported outcomes are reported compared with primary reconstruction.

The Prevalence of Symptomatic Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background: Arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common orthopaedic procedure. The incidence and risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after ACL reconstruction remain unclear.

Purpose: To define the incidence of VTE after ACL reconstruction and identify associated risk factors in a large cohort of patients.

Ahrd Cyp1a2(-/-) mice show increased susceptibility to PCB-induced developmental neurotoxicity.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are developmental neurotoxicants that produce cognitive and behavioral changes in children exposed during gestation and lactation. Coplanar PCBs bind the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and can be sequestered in liver by cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2). The AHR is a ligand-activated transcription factor which increases expression of the CYP1 family, including CYP1A2.