Disentangling Stereotypes towards Older Age Groups: Evidence from Factorial Survey Experiments in China and the USA.

Introduction: Older adults are usually perceived as warmer but less competent than younger adults. This study examined how these stereotypes are related to domain-specific attributes and how individuals' values may moderate the association.

Methods: We recruited 560 Chinese participants (mean age [SD]: 23.

Psychological factors substantially contribute to biological aging: evidence from the aging rate in Chinese older adults.

We have developed a deep learning aging clock using blood test data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, which has a mean absolute error of 5.68 years. We used the aging clock to demonstrate the connection between the physical and psychological aspects of aging.

Surgical resection of a large posttraumatic middle meningeal artery pseudoaneurysm with associated epidural hematoma.

Background: Middle meningeal artery (MMA) pseudoaneurysms are rare but can occur secondary to trauma with an associated skull fracture and can present with a variety of hemorrhage patterns. Epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, and intraparenchymal hematomas have all been reported. Given the wide range of clinical presentations and radiographic findings, multiple treatment strategies have been employed, including surgical removal, endovascular intervention, and conservative treatment.

Factors Associated With Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes in Female Neurosurgeons: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Neurosurgery is male dominated with women representing only 12% of residents and 5% of practicing neurosurgeons. The conflicting demands of training versus pregnancy and motherhood are significant deterrents to women entering the field. We examined pregnancy incidence and timing, perinatal complications, and the perceived career impact of motherhood on female neurosurgeons using an anonymous survey of 643 training, practicing, and retired female neurosurgeons from the United States.

Contrasting the Effects of Mortality Salience and Future Time Limitation on Goal Prioritization in Older and Younger Adults.

Objectives: This study aims at contrasting the effects of limited future time perspective and mortality salience on goal prioritization across adulthood. Socioemotional selectivity theory (SST) argues that people increasingly prioritize emotionally meaningful goals when they perceive future time as more limited. Terror management theory (TMT) suggests that mortality salience (i.

Corticofugal Augmentation of the Auditory Brainstem Response With Respect to Cortical Preference.

Physiological studies documented highly specific corticofugal modulations making subcortical centers focus processing on sounds that the auditory cortex (AC) has experienced to be important. Here, we show the effects of focal conditioning (FC) of the primary auditory cortex (FC) on auditory brainstem response (ABR) amplitudes and latencies in house mice. FC significantly increased ABR peak amplitudes (peaks I-V), decreased thresholds, and shortened peak latencies in responses to the frequency tuned by conditioned cortical neurons.

The onset and post-onset auditory responses of cochlear nucleus neurons are modulated differently by cortical activation.

Auditory cortex exhibit a capacity of modulating the functions of subcortical auditory nuclei and even inner ear through descending pathways. The cochlear nucleus (CN), which acts as the gateway from the auditory periphery to the central auditory system, is also subjected to corticofugal modulation. Cortical modulation of subcortical nuclei is highly specific to the frequency tunings of cortical and subcortical neurons.

Hyperoxia-induced immature brain injury through the TLR4 signaling pathway in newborn mice.

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptor, is known to initiate an inflammatory cascade in response to certain stimuli within the central nervous system (CNS). Although TLR4 activation is known to be a first-line response of the innate immune system, whether and how hyperoxia influences TLR4 signaling in an immature brain remains unclear. In this study, TLR4 wild-type (W) and TLR4 knock-out(M) mice were exposed to 100% oxygen (the WO2 and MO2 groups, respectively), and control groups were exposed to ambient air (the WA and MA groups, respectively) for 48 h after postnatal-day (PND) 3.

Continuous right thoracic paravertebral block following bolus initiation reduced postoperative pain after right-lobe hepatectomy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background And Objectives: We hypothesized that continuous right thoracic paravertebral block, following bolus initiation, decreases opioid consumption after right-lobe hepatectomy in patients receiving patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with sufentanil.

Methods: Patients undergoing right-lobe hepatectomy with a right thoracic paravertebral catheter placed at T7 30 minutes before surgery were randomly assigned to receive through this catheter either a 10-mL bolus of 0.2% ropivacaine before emergence, followed by a continuous infusion of 6 mL/h for 24 hours (PVB group), or saline at the same scheme of administration (control group).

Cancer prevention by tocopherols and tea polyphenols.

Tocopherols (vitamin E) and tea polyphenols have been reported to have cancer preventive activities. Large-scale human trials with high doses of alpha-tocopherol, however, have produced disappointing results. This review presents data showing that - and -tocopherols inhibit colon, lung, mammary and prostate carcinogenesis in animal models, whereas -tocopherol is ineffective in animal and human studies.

Derivation and out-of-sample validation of a modeling system to predict length of surgery.

Background: We performed a retrospective study to compare the precision of a regression model (RM) system with the precision of the standard method of surgical length prediction using historical means (HM).

Methods: Data were collected on patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy and lower-extremity bypass. Multiple linear regression was used to model the operative time length (OTL).