Publications by authors named "Ambarish M Athavale"
Objectives: There exists a wide gap in the availability of mechanical ventilator devices and their acute need in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. An initial triaging method that accurately identifies the need for mechanical ventilation in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 is needed. We aimed to investigate if a potentially deteriorating clinical course in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 can be detected using all X-ray images taken during hospitalisation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) is a strong indicator of decline in kidney function and is measured using histopathological assessment of kidney biopsy core. At present, a noninvasive test to assess IFTA is not available.
Objective: To develop and validate a deep learning (DL) algorithm to quantify IFTA from kidney ultrasonography images.
Background: The G1 and G2 alleles of apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) are common in the Black population and associated with increased risk of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The molecular mechanisms linking APOL1 risk variants with FSGS are not clearly understood, and APOL1's natural absence in laboratory animals makes studying its pathobiology challenging.
Methods: In a cohort of 90 Black patients with either FSGS or minimal change disease (MCD) enrolled in the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (58% pediatric onset), we used kidney biopsy traits as an intermediate outcome to help illuminate tissue-based consequences of APOL1 risk variants and expression.
Importance: Therapies that improve survival in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are needed. Tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody against the interleukin 6 receptor, may counteract the inflammatory cytokine release syndrome in patients with severe COVID-19 illness.
Objective: To test whether tocilizumab decreases mortality in this population.
Background: Understanding the relationship between clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) will help support clinical care and future clinical trial design of novel therapies for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS).
Methods: FSGS patients ≥8 years of age enrolled in the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network completed Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System PRO measures of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (children: global health, mobility, fatigue, pain interference, depression, anxiety, stress and peer relationships; adults: physical functioning, fatigue, pain interference, sleep impairment, mental health, depression, anxiety and social satisfaction) at baseline and during longitudinal follow-up for a maximum of 5 years. Linear mixed-effects models were used to determine which demographic, clinical and laboratory features were associated with PROs for each of the eight children and eight adults studied.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates 2,215 adults with confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to ICUs in 65 US hospitals during the early pandemic to understand patient characteristics and mortality rates.
- The primary outcome evaluated was 28-day in-hospital mortality, with results showing that 35.4% of patients died within this period, while factors such as age, sex, obesity, and specific medical conditions significantly influenced the likelihood of death.
- Findings suggest a need for awareness of varying treatment approaches across hospitals and highlight critical patient factors linked to higher mortality, prompting further research to improve outcomes for COVID-19 patients.
Importance: Acute kidney injury increases the risk of mortality in hospitalized patients. However, incidence of severe acute kidney injury (SAKI) and its association with mortality in civilians with gunshot wounds (GSWs) is not known.
Objective: To determine the incidence of and risk factors associated with SAKI and acute kidney injury requiring dialysis (AKI-D) after GSWs and the association of SAKI and AKI-D with mortality among civilians in the United States.
Objective: The incidence and the risk factors of sickle cell disease (SCD), vaccinated with Pneumococcal vaccine and on penicillin prophylaxis has not been previously reported in India.
Methods: This prospective hospital based study followed 325 children on penicillin prophylaxis, of which 161 were vaccinated for pneumococci, over 146.84 person years to determine the incidence and determinants of crisis (SCC) and infections.