--------Comparison of Hybrid-Simulation-Based Teaching with Traditional Teaching of Pharmacology.

Objective: To compare the outcome of traditional teaching with hybrid simulation-based teaching for undergraduate medical students. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Pharmacology, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan, from June to August 2023.

Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.

Effect of ribs in a suddenly expanded flow at sonic Mach number.

This study aims to assess the influence of a rib on the base pressure and the flow development in an abruptly expanded duct at sonic Mach number. Initially, the simulations were done to validate the experimental results, keeping all the parameters the same. Accordingly, a duct-of-area ratio of 6.

From tradition to Simulation: An experience of team training on management of shoulder dystocia.

Objective: To determine if simulation-based team training improves the management of shoulder dystocia compared to traditionally taught obstetrical emergencies.

Methods: The prospective mixed-method study was conducted at the Centre for Innovation in Medical Education at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, from June to August 2018, and comprised doctors and nurses having up to five years of labour and delivery experience. The subjects were divided into two equal groups which were further subdivided into four equal teams.

A Step Toward Health Equity for Veterans: Evidence Supports Removing Race From Kidney Function Calculations.

Background: The practice of race-based medicine fails to recognize that race cannot be used as a proxy for genetic ancestry and that racial and ethnic categories are complex sociopolitical constructs without biological basis. Clinical algorithms and equations that incorporate race modifiers and are currently considered standard for diagnosis and management of disease are appropriately being scrutinized for lack of biological plausibility and their role in exacerbating health inequities. In this paper, we review the history, evidence, and implications of using a Black race coefficient when calculating estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the diagnosis and management of kidney disease.

WhatsApp an informal learning and communication tool: Perception of medical officers working in low resource setting: A Focus Group Discussion.

Objective: To assess if WhatsApp communication improves clinical knowledge and to explore the perception of its use among medical officers at a secondary care facility.

Methods: The mixed method study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aga Khan Hospital for Women and Children, Kharadar, Karachi, from May to July,2018, and comprised medical officers working at the secondary care facility. All the officers were added to a WhatsApp group with a consultant.

Presenting signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer at a tertiary care hospital.

Objective: To identify early warning signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer to create awareness for early diagnosis and management of the disease.

Methods: This study was conducted at the department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi from 2003 to 2007, having 75 patients. The information collected included age, education, and self perceived state of socio-economic class, presenting clinical signs and symptoms, basic and specific laboratory investigations.