Bias Reduction Practices in Underrepresented Groups in Ophthalmology Resident Recruitment.

Importance: Best recruitment practices for increasing diversity are well established, but the adoption and impact of these practices in ophthalmology residency recruitment are unknown.

Objective: To describe the adoption of bias reduction practices in groups underrepresented in ophthalmology (URiO) residency recruitment and determine which practices are effective for increasing URiO residents.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional survey study used an 18-item questionnaire included in the online survey of the Association of University Professors in Ophthalmology (AUPO) Residency Program Directors.

Erratum: Addendum: Outcomes of a Five-Year Formal Ophthalmology Residency Mentorship Program.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1756133.].

Outcomes of a Five-Year Formal Ophthalmology Residency Mentorship Program.

Objective: This article describes a formal ophthalmology residency mentorship program, identifies its strengths and weaknesses over 5 years of implementation, and proposes strategies to improve qualitative outcomes of the mentorship program.

Design: Cross-sectional anonymous online survey.

Subjects: All current and former mentees and mentors at the Casey Eye Institute (CEI) residency program from 2016 to 2021.

Transient Vision Loss Associated with Prefilled Aflibercept Syringes: A Case Series and Analysis of Injection Force.

Objective: To describe cases of significant vision loss following intravitreal aflibercept using pre-filled syringes (PFS) and to study the relationship between syringe design, injection speed, and injection force.

Design: Retrospective case series and experimental study.

Subjects: 12 patients who received intravitreal aflibercept PFS.

Three-Year Safety Results of SAR422459 (EIAV-ABCA4) Gene Therapy in Patients With ABCA4-Associated Stargardt Disease: An Open-Label Dose-Escalation Phase I/IIa Clinical Trial, Cohorts 1-5.

Purpose: To report on the safety of the first 5 cohorts of a gene therapy trial using recombinant equine infectious anemia virus expressing ABCA4 (EIAV-ABCA4) in adults with Stargardt dystrophy due to mutations in ABCA4.

Design: Nonrandomized multicenter phase I/IIa clinical trial.

Methods: Patients received a subretinal injection of EIAVABCA4 in the worse-seeing eye at 3 dose levels and were followed for 3 years after treatment.

Multimodal Imaging in a Case with Bilateral Choroidal Folds.

We highlight the use of multimodal imaging to diagnose and report what is, to our knowledge, a novel presentation of bilateral choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and prominent macular choroidal folds (CFs) in a patient with pattern dystrophy. An 81-year-old Caucasian male presented with painless, blurry central vision in both eyes. Color fundus photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fluorescein angiography (FA), fundus autofluorescence, and brightness scan ultrasonography supported the diagnosis of pattern dystrophy with bilateral CNV and CF.

Comparative effectiveness and harms of intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor agents for three retinal conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents are widely used to treat ocular conditions but the benefits and harms of these treatments are uncertain. We conducted a systematic review to compare the effects of aflibercept, bevacizumab and ranibizumab on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) changes, quality of life and ocular or systemic adverse events in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD), diabetic macular oedema (DME) and central or branch retinal vein occlusion (RVO). We searched published and unpublished literature sources to February 2017 for randomised controlled trials and cohort or modelling studies reporting comparative costs in the USA.

MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF PHOTIC MACULOPATHY FROM ARC WELDING.

Purpose: Photic retinal toxicity induced by exposure to arc welding can lead to irreversible vision loss. Serial multimodal imaging is characterized in a patient with outer retinal damage secondary to welder's maculopathy.

Methods: A single case was retrospectively reviewed.

Sensitivity and Specificity of OCT Angiography to Detect Choroidal Neovascularization.

Purpose: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in the detection of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Design: Prospective case series.

Subjects: Prospective series of seventy-two eyes were studied, which included eyes with treatment-naive CNV due to AMD, non-neovascular AMD, and normal controls.

Normotensive Glaucoma Follow-Up with Incidental Finding of Choroidal Neovascular Membrane: a Teaching Case Report.

Behind cataracts, glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Patients with glaucoma are followed at regular intervals for testing to confirm stability of the disease; however, providers may need to divert from planned glaucoma testing when clinical findings suggest progression of comorbid ophthalmic conditions. This case report describes a patient presenting for a routine glaucoma follow-up appointment who was subsequently diagnosed with an acute choroidal neovascular membrane due to conversion from non-neovascular to neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy Using a Portable, Noncontact, Nonmydriatic Handheld Retinal Camera.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of low vision and blindness. We evaluated the feasibility of using a handheld, noncontact digital retinal camera, Pictor, to obtain retinal images in dilated and undilated eyes for DR screening. We also evaluated the accuracy of ophthalmologists with different levels of training/experience in grading these images to identify eyes with vision-threatening DR.

Assessment of Different Sampling Methods for Measuring and Representing Macular Cone Density Using Flood-Illuminated Adaptive Optics.

Purpose: To describe a standardized flood-illuminated adaptive optics (AO) imaging protocol suitable for the clinical setting and to assess sampling methods for measuring cone density.

Methods: Cone density was calculated following three measurement protocols: 50 × 50-μm sampling window values every 0.5° along the horizontal and vertical meridians (fixed-interval method), the mean density of expanding 0.

Retinal detachment associated with ocular toxoplasmosis.

Purpose: To assess the frequency of retinal detachment (RD) and associated clinical features in ocular toxoplasmosis.

Methods: A review of the medical records of patients diagnosed with ocular toxoplasmosis and follow-up of 6 months or more was conducted. All patients were seen at the Casey Eye Institute at the Oregon Health & Science University over a 9-year period (2003-2012).

Injection frequency and anatomic outcomes 1 year following conversion to aflibercept in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Background/aim: To evaluate the clinical, anatomic and functional effects of conversion to aflibercept following ranibizumab and/or bevacizumab in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: A retrospective review of patients with neovascular AMD treated with intravitreal ranibizumab and/or bevacizumab who were switched to aflibercept was performed. The primary outcome was change in injection frequency in the year following the change.