Simultaneous detection of sepsis host response biomarkers in whole blood using electrochemical biosensor.

Sepsis is a silent killer, caused by a syndromic reaction of the body's immune system to an infection that is typically the ultimate pathway to mortality due to numerous infectious diseases, including COVID-19 across the world. In the United States alone, sepsis claims 220,000 lives, with a dangerously high fatality rate between 25% and 50%. Early detection and treatment can avert 80% of sepsis mortality which is currently unavailable in most healthcare institutions.

An approach to rapidly assess sepsis through multi-biomarker host response using machine learning algorithm.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition and understanding the disease pathophysiology through the use of host immune response biomarkers is critical for patient stratification. Lack of accurate sepsis endotyping impedes clinicians from making timely decisions alongside insufficiencies in appropriate sepsis management. This work aims to demonstrate the potential feasibility of a data-driven validation model for supporting clinical decisions to predict sepsis host-immune response.

Establish pre-clinical diagnostic efficacy for parathyroid hormone as a point-of-surgery-testing-device (POST).

Measuring the Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels assists in the investigation and management of patients with parathyroid disorders. Rapid PTH monitoring is a valid tool for accurate assessment intraoperatively. Rapid Electro-Analytical Device (READ) is a point-of-care device that uses impedance change between target and capture probe to assess the PTH concentration in undiluted patient plasma samples.

Non-faradaic electrochemical impedimetric profiling of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein as a dual marker biosensor for early sepsis detection.

In this work, we demonstrate a robust, dual marker, biosensing strategy for specific and sensitive electrochemical response of Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in complex body fluids such as human serum and whole blood for the detection of sepsis. Enhanced sensitivity is achieved by leveraging the physicochemical properties of zinc oxide at the electrode-solution interface. Characterization techniques such as SEM, EDAX, AFM, FTIR and fluorescence microscopy were performed to ensure a suitable biosensing surface.

Multiplexed cytokine detection using electrochemical point-of-care sensing device towards rapid sepsis endotyping.

The implementation of endotype-driven effective intervention strategies is now considered as an essential component for sepsis management. Rapid screening and frequent monitoring of immune responses are critical for evidence-based informed decisions in the early hours of patient arrival. Current technologies focus on pathogen identification that lack rapid testing of the patient immune response, impeding clinicians from providing appropriate sepsis treatment.

CLIP: Carbon Dioxide testing suitable for Low power microelectronics and IOT interfaces using Room temperature Ionic Liquid Platform.

Health and safety considerations of room occupants in enclosed spaces is crucial for building management which entails control and stringent monitoring of CO levels to maintain acceptable air quality standards and improve energy efficiency. Smart building management systems equipped with portable, low-power, non-invasive CO sensing techniques can predict room occupancy detection based on CO levels exhaled by humans. In this work, we have demonstrated the development and proof-of-feasibility working of an electrochemical RTIL- based sensor prototype for CO detection in exhaled human breath.

Development of ultra-low volume, multi-bio fluid, cortisol sensing platform.

The development of a non-faradaic electrochemical sensor for screening across multiple bio-fluids that demonstrate the expression of cortisol using a gold microelectrode-based sensor is reported in this paper. Room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), BMIM[BF] was used as the buffer to modulate the electrical double layer (EDL) to enhance the electrochemical signal response of the sensor. The sensor design and the surface chemistry was optimized using COMSOL Multiphysics software simulations and FTIR respectively.

Multiplexed electrochemical detection of three cardiac biomarkers cTnI, cTnT and BNP using nanostructured ZnO-sensing platform.

Aim: Development of a label-free multiplexed point-of-care diagnostic device for a panel of cardiac biomarkers - cardiac troponin-T (cTnT), troponin-I (cTnI) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP).

Methods: A nonfaradaic electrochemical immunoassay designed with anisotropic high surface area ZnO nanostructures grown using low-temperature hydrothermal methods was selectively immobilized with capture antibodies. Multiplexed detection in human serum using ZnO nanostructures based on complementary electrochemical measurement techniques - electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Mott-Schottky.