Aerobic exercise abolishes cTBS-induced suppression of motor cortical excitability.

A preceding bout of acute aerobic exercise can enhance the induction of early long-term potentiation (LTP) in the primary motor cortex (M1). However, the influence of exercise when performed after the induction of plasticity has not been investigated. In addition, it is unclear whether the same effects are seen with techniques that induce long-term depression (LTD).

Aerobic exercise enhances neural correlates of motor skill learning.

Introduction: Repetitive, in-phase bimanual motor training tasks can expand the excitable cortical area of the trained muscles. Recent evidence suggests that an acute bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise can enhance the induction of rapid motor plasticity at the motor hotspot. However, these changes have not been investigated throughout the entire cortical representation.

Bilateral primary motor cortex circuitry is modulated due to theta burst stimulation to left dorsal premotor cortex and bimanual training.

Motor preparatory and execution activity is enhanced after a single session of bimanual visuomotor training (BMT). Recently, we have shown that increased primary motor cortex (M1) excitability occurs when BMT involves simultaneous activation of homologous muscles and these effects are enhanced when BMT is preceded by intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) to the left dorsal premotor cortex (lPMd). The neural mechanisms underlying these modulations are unclear, but may include interhemispheric interactions between homologous M1s and connectivity with premotor regions.

The effects of acute aerobic exercise on the primary motor cortex.

The effect of aerobic exercise on primary motor cortical excitability is a relevant area of interest for both motor learning and motor rehabilitation. Transient excitability changes that may follow an exercise session are a necessary precursor to more lasting neuroplastic changes. While the number of studies is limited, research suggests that a session of aerobic exercise can create an ideal environment for the early induction of plasticity.

Acute exercise enhances the response to paired associative stimulation-induced plasticity in the primary motor cortex.

There is evidence that a single session of aerobic exercise can modulate intracortical inhibition. While decreases in inhibition appear to be a necessary precursor to the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity, it is not known whether aerobic exercise can enhance the response to LTP induction. We investigated whether the addition of a preceding bout of exercise would modulate the response to paired associative stimulation (PAS) of the upper limb.

Aerobic exercise modulates intracortical inhibition and facilitation in a nonexercised upper limb muscle.

Background: Despite growing interest in the relationship between exercise and short-term neural plasticity, the effects of exercise on motor cortical (M1) excitability are not well studied. Acute, lower-limb aerobic exercise may potentially modulate M1 excitability in working muscles, but the effects on muscles not involved in the exercise are unknown. Here we examined the excitability changes in an upper limb muscle representation following a single session of lower body aerobic exercise.

Selective modulation of left primary motor cortex excitability after continuous theta burst stimulation to right primary motor cortex and bimanual training.

Bimanual movement training (BMT) enhances the excitability of human preparatory premotor and primary motor (M1) cortices. We have shown that activity in M1 is enhanced after BMT involving simultaneous activation of homologous muscles (in-phase). Potential neural mechanisms underlying this effect could be input from premotor areas (i.

Modulation of left primary motor cortex excitability after bimanual training and intermittent theta burst stimulation to left dorsal premotor cortex.

Bimanual visuomotor movement training (BMT) enhances the excitability of human preparatory premotor and primary motor (M1) cortices compared to unimanual movement. This occurs when BMT involves mirror symmetrical movements of both upper-limbs (in-phase) but not with non-symmetrical movements (anti-phase). The neural mechanisms mediating the effect of BMT is unclear, but may involve interhemispheric connections between homologous M1 representations as well as the dorsal premotor cortices (PMd).