Simultaneous imaging of microRNA or mRNA territories with protein territory in mammalian cells at single cell resolution.

Cellular mechanisms that inhibit mRNA translation by regulatory molecules involving microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), are well recognized in recent days. However, methodologies that measure these changes in cell populations lack the capabilities to observe such effects at single cell resolution. This is mostly due to the low level of transcript abundance and the heterogeneity of cell populations, together with the inability to measure transcripts and proteins at the same time.

Cellular detection of multiple antigens at single cell resolution using antibodies generated from the same species.

Biology at a cellular level comes with a great amount of heterogeneity. It is now evident that even clonally propagated cells in an in vitro population do not express the same set of cellular epitopes. The vascular endothelial as well as blood cells show a very high degree of heterogeneity in expression of specific proteins.