Closed Genome Sequences of Providencia alcalifaciens Isolates from Dogs.

Eight Providencia alcalifaciens isolates from eight different dogs in Norway with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea were sequenced. Based on Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing, all of the genomes were complete and closed after hybrid assembly.

Longitudinal Sampling Reveals Persistence of and Genetic Diversity in Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant From Norwegian Broiler Production.

There are knowledge gaps concerning dynamics of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant and their plasmids in broiler production and the persistence of strains on broiler farms. Thus, we aimed at characterising ESC-resistant collected from all flocks reared on 10 different farms during a six-months sampling period. All isolates ( = 43) were subjected to whole-genome sequencing, and a subset of isolates ( = 7) were also sequenced using oxford nanopore technology and subsequent hybrid assembly in order to do in-depth characterisation of the ESC resistance plasmids.

Exploring in Healthy Poultry Reveals High Genetic Diversity, Good Biofilm-Forming Abilities and Higher Prevalence in Turkeys Than Broilers.

is a well-studied human pathogen for which antimicrobial resistant and hypervirulent clones have emerged globally. is also present in a variety of environmental niches, but currently there is a lack of knowledge on the occurrence and characteristics of from non-human sources. Certain environmental niches, e.

Corrigendum: /IncI1-Iγ Plasmids Circulating in From Norwegian Broiler Production Are Related, but Distinguishable.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.

A Strong Synergy Between the Thiopeptide Bacteriocin Micrococcin P1 and Rifampicin Against MRSA in a Murine Skin Infection Model.

Antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens have become a serious threat worldwide. One of these pathogens is methicillin-resistant (MRSA), a major cause of skin and soft tissue infections. In this study we identified a strain of producing a substance with high antimicrobial activity against many Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA.

Plasmid-associated antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Escherichia coli in a high arctic reindeer subspecies.

Objectives: In extreme environments, such as the Arctic region, the anthropogenic influence is low and the presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is unexpected. In this study, we screened wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) from the Svalbard High Arctic Archipelago for antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli and performed in-depth strain characterisation.

Methods: Using selective culturing of faecal samples from 55 animals, resistant E.

Interference of ISEcp1-bla with the shufflon rearrangement in IncI1 plasmids.

IncI1 plasmids are known disseminators of the extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance (ESC) gene bla, among species of the Enterobacteriaceae family. In several IncI1 plasmids, this gene was found incorporated into the transposition unit, ISEcp1-bla-orf477, interrupting a shufflon region, a hallmark of IncI1 conjugative plasmids. The shufflon diversifies pilV gene that encodes the adhesine-type protein found on the tip of the conjugative pilus.

Corrigendum: /IncI1-Iγ Plasmids Circulating in From Norwegian Broiler Production Are Related, but Distinguishable.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.

/IncI1-Iγ Plasmids Circulating in From Norwegian Broiler Production Are Related, but Distinguishable.

carrying mediating resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins was recently described as a new genotype in Norwegian broiler production. The aim of this study was to characterize these isolates ( = 31) in order to determine whether the emergence of the genotype was caused by clonal expansion or horizontal dissemination of -carrying plasmids. All included isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing.

Over 2000-Fold Increased Production of the Leaderless Bacteriocin Garvicin KS by Increasing Gene Dose and Optimization of Culture Conditions.

The leaderless bacteriocin Garvicin KS (GarKS) is a potent antimicrobial, being active against a wide range of important pathogens. GarKS production by the native producer KS1546 is, however, relatively low (80 BU/ml) under standard laboratory growth conditions (batch culture in GM17 at 30°C). To improve the production, we systematically evaluated the impact of different media and media components on bacteriocin production.

Inactivation of the arn operon and loss of aminoarabinose on lipopolysaccharide as the cause of susceptibility to colistin in an atypical clinical isolate of proteus vulgaris.

Colistin has become a last-line antibiotic for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections; however, resistance to colistin has emerged in recent years. Some bacteria, such as Proteus and Serratia spp., are intrinsically resistant to colistin although the exact mechanism of resistance is unknown.

soxRS induces colistin hetero-resistance in Enterobacter asburiae and Enterobacter cloacae by regulating the acrAB-tolC efflux pump.

Background: Colistin is the last drug option for the treatment of MDR Gram-negative bacterial infections. Several types of resistance to colistin have been identified, including hetero-resistance, which has been observed in several Gram-negative pathogens. During a routine surveillance project on antimicrobial resistance, we found abnormal colistin-resistant Enterobacter asburiae and Enterobacter cloacae isolates.

Exploring divergent antibiotic resistance genes in ancient metagenomes and discovery of a novel beta-lactamase family.

Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a major problem for human health. We analyzed metagenomic datasets from ancient and remote samples from diverse environmental sources and observed the presence of all the eleven antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) groups evaluated. Since ancient samples are not subjected to modern effects of antibiotic misuse, they represent a clean model to explore the natural diversity of ARG in the environment.

Functional genomics to discover antibiotic resistance genes: The paradigm of resistance to colistin mediated by ethanolamine phosphotransferase in Shewanella algae MARS 14.

Shewanella algae MARS 14 is a colistin-resistant clinical isolate retrieved from bronchoalveolar lavage of a hospitalised patient. A functional genomics strategy was employed to discover the molecular support for colistin resistance in S. algae MARS 14.

Limited dissemination of the wastewater treatment plant core resistome.

Horizontal gene transfer is a major contributor to the evolution of bacterial genomes and can facilitate the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes between environmental reservoirs and potential pathogens. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are believed to play a central role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. However, the contribution of the dominant members of the WWTP resistome to resistance in human pathogens remains poorly understood.

Multifunctional cellulolytic auxiliary activity protein HcAA10-2 from Hahella chejuensis enhances enzymatic hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose.

The modular auxiliary activity (AA) family of proteins is believed to cause amorphogenesis in addition to oxidative cleavage of crystalline cellulose although the supporting evidence is limited. HcAA10-2 is a modular AA10 family protein (58 kDa) composed of a AA10 module and a family two carbohydrate binding module (CBM2), joined by a long stretch of 222 amino acids of unknown function. The protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity.

Characterization of modular bifunctional processive endoglucanase Cel5 from Hahella chejuensis KCTC 2396.

Cel5 from marine Hahella chejuensis is composed of glycoside hydrolase family-5 (GH5) catalytic domain (CD) and two carbohydrate binding modules (CBM6-2). The enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. The optimum endoglucanase and xylanase activities of recombinant Cel5 were observed at 65 °C, pH 6.

Cloning and functional characterization of endo-β-1,4-glucanase gene from metagenomic library of vermicompost.

In the vermicomposting of paper mill sludge, the activity of earthworms is very dependent on dietetic polysaccharides including cellulose as energy sources. Most of these polymers are degraded by the host microbiota and considered potentially important source for cellulolytic enzymes. In the present study, a metagenomic library was constructed from vermicompost (VC) prepared with paper mill sludge and dairy sludge (fresh sludge, FS) and functionally screened for cellulolytic activities.

Engineering of family-5 glycoside hydrolase (Cel5A) from an uncultured bacterium for efficient hydrolysis of cellulosic substrates.

Cel5A, an endoglucanase, was derived from the metagenomic library of vermicompost. The deduced amino acid sequence of Cel5A shows high sequence homology with family-5 glycoside hydrolases, which contain a single catalytic domain but no distinct cellulose-binding domain. Random mutagenesis and cellulose-binding module (CBM) fusion approaches were successfully applied to obtain properties required for cellulose hydrolysis.

Construction and characterization of chimeric cellulases with enhanced catalytic activity towards insoluble cellulosic substrates.

The chimeric proteins viz. CBM3-Cel9A, CBM4-Cel9A and CBM30-Cel9A, are constructed by fusion of family 3, 4, and 30 cellulose binding modules (CBMs) to N-terminus of family 9 endoglucanase (Cel9A) from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldrious. The chimeric enzymes were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity.

Significant reduction in toxicity, BOD, and COD of textile dyes and textile industry effluent by a novel bacterium Pseudomonas sp. LBC1.

The 16S rRNA sequence analysis and biochemical characteristics were confirmed that the isolated bacterium is Pseudomonas sp. LBC1. The commonly used textile dye, Direct Brown MR has been used to study the fate of biodegradation.

Biochemical characterization of laccase from hairy root culture of Brassica juncea L. and role of redox mediators to enhance its potential for the decolorization of textile dyes.

In vitro transgenic hairy root cultures provide a rapid system for physiological, biochemical studies and screening of plants for their phytoremediation potential. The hairy root cultures of Brassica juncea L. showed 92% decolorization of Methyl orange within 4 days.

Decolorization of adsorbed textile dyes by developed consortium of Pseudomonas sp. SUK1 and Aspergillus ochraceus NCIM-1146 under solid state fermentation.

The objective of this study was to develop consortium using Pseudomonas sp. SUK1 and Aspergillus ochraceus NCIM-1146 to decolorize adsorbed dyes from textile effluent wastewater under solid state fermentation. Among various agricultural wastes rice bran showed dye adsorption up to 90, 62 and 80% from textile dye reactive navy blue HE2R (RNB HE2R) solution, mixture of textile dyes and textile industry wastewater, respectively.

Biochemical characteristics of a textile dye degrading extracellular laccase from a Bacillus sp. ADR.

Bacillus sp. ADR secretes an extracellular laccase in nutrient broth, and this enzyme was purified up to 56-fold using acetone precipitation and DEAE-cellulose anion exchange chromatography. The molecular weight of purified laccase was estimated to be 66 kDa using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Decolorization and detoxification of Congo red and textile industry effluent by an isolated bacterium Pseudomonas sp. SU-EBT.

The 16S rRNA sequence and biochemical characteristics revealed the isolated organism as Pseudomonas sp. SU-EBT. This strain showed 97 and 90% decolorization of a recalcitrant dye, Congo red (100 mg l(-1)) and textile industry effluent with 50% reduction in COD within 12 and 60 h, respectively.