Research on the Dynamic Response Properties of Nonlethal Projectiles for Injury Risk Assessment.

Based on the models already on the market, we have manufactured six types of nonlethal projectiles. We have made convex heads out of polyurethane foam (PUR) filled with mineral fillers like alumina (AlO) and montmorillonite (MMT). We chose a suitable holder for nonlethal projectiles.

Injury risk assessment of non-lethal projectile head impacts.

Kinetic energy non-lethal projectiles are used to impart sufficient effect onto a person in order to deter uncivil or hazardous behavior with a low probability of permanent injury. Since their first use, real cases indicate that the injuries inflicted by such projectiles may be irreversible and sometimes lead to death, especially for the head impacts. Given the high velocities and the low masses involved in such impacts, the assessment approaches proposed in automotive crash tests and sports may not be appropriate.