A Review of Core Biopsies in Musculoskeletal Oncology.

Biopsy as a procedure is technically simple but conceptually a challenge. The principles of biopsy have remained more or less the same for 3 decades. With the advent of imaging, hospital facilities, and pathology modalities, we feel it is important that these principles are revisited.

Functional Augmentation with the Use of a Mesh in a Traditional Cement Spacer Reconstruction in Proximal Humerus Resections.

Cement spacer as a reconstruction technique in proximal humerus resections in malignant and benign conditions is well established. Functional outcome of any reconstruction is decided by how well soft tissue reconstruction has been carried out. The cement spacer technique allows soft tissue reattachment at any site required as compared to prosthetic reconstruction, but such reattachment sites have to be decided before setting of the cement.

Undulating Seal Whiskers Evolved Optimal Wavelength-to-Diameter Ratio for Efficient Reduction in Vortex-Induced Vibrations.

Seals are well-known for their remarkable hydrodynamic trail-following capabilities made possible by undulating flow-sensing whiskers that enable the seals to detect fish swimming as far as 180 m away. In this work, the form-function relationship in the undulating whiskers of two different phocid seal species, viz. harbor and gray seals, is studied.

Recurrence of GCTB of Wrist in an Autografted Non-vascularized Fibula: A Case Report.

Introduction: Distal radius is known to have high percentage of recurrences in giant cell tumor (GCT) despite best efforts. We would like to present a case where the recurrence unusually occurred in the graft and the complications associated with it.

Case Report: A 45-year-old woman, who had previously undergone curettage of GCT distal radius, presented with recurrence of lesion which was managed initially with resection and non-vascularized fibular autograft reconstruction.

Wavy Whiskers in Wakes: Explaining the Trail-Tracking Capabilities of Whisker Arrays on Seal Muzzles.

Seals can detect prey up to 180 m away using only their flow-sensing whiskers. The unique undulating morphology of Phocid seal whiskers reduces vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs), rendering seals highly sensitive to biologically relevant flow stimuli. In this work, digital models of harbor and grey seal whiskers are extracted using 3D scanning and a mathematical framework that accurately recreates their undulating geometry is proposed.

Creating underwater vision through wavy whiskers: a review of the flow-sensing mechanisms and biomimetic potential of seal whiskers.

Seals are known to use their highly sensitive whiskers to precisely follow the hydrodynamic trail left behind by prey. Studies estimate that a seal can track a herring that is swimming as far as 180 m away, indicating an incredible detection apparatus on a par with the echolocation system of dolphins and porpoises. This remarkable sensing capability is enabled by the unique undulating structural morphology of the whisker that suppresses vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) and thus increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the flow-sensing whiskers.

Biomimetic Soft Polymer Microstructures and Piezoresistive Graphene MEMS Sensors Using Sacrificial Metal 3D Printing.

Recent advances in 3D printing technology have enabled unprecedented design freedom across an ever-expanding portfolio of materials. However, direct 3D printing of soft polymeric materials such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is challenging, especially for structural complexities such as high-aspect ratio (>20) structures, 3D microfluidic channels (∼150 μm diameter), and biomimetic microstructures. This work presents a novel processing method entailing 3D printing of a thin-walled sacrificial metallic mold, soft polymer casting, and acidic etching of the mold.

Bioinspired PDMS-graphene cantilever flow sensors using 3D printing and replica moulding.

Flow sensors found in animals often feature soft and slender structures (e.g. fish neuromasts, insect hairs, mammalian stereociliary bundles, etc) that bend in response to the slightest flow disturbances in their surroundings and heighten the animal's vigilance with respect to prey and/or predators.

Bioinspired Cilia Sensors with Graphene Sensing Elements Fabricated Using 3D Printing and Casting.

Sensor designs found in nature are optimal due to their evolution over millions of years, making them well-suited for sensing applications. However, replicating these complex, three-dimensional (3D), biomimetic designs in artificial and flexible sensors using conventional techniques such as lithography is challenging. In this paper, we introduce a new processing paradigm for the simplified fabrication of flexible sensors featuring complex and bioinspired structures.

Molecular dynamics simulations of laser-induced incandescence of soot using an extended ReaxFF reactive force field.

Laser-induced incandescence (LII) of soot has developed into a popular method for making in situ measurements of soot volume fraction and primary particle sizes. However, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the generation and interpretation of the cooling signals. To model heat transfer from the heated soot particles to the surrounding gas, knowledge of the collision-based cooling as well as reactive events, including oxidation (exothermic) and evaporation (endothermic) is essential.