Item analysis: the impact of distractor efficiency on the difficulty index and discrimination power of multiple-choice items.

Background: Distractor efficiency (DE) of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) responses is a component of the psychometric analysis used by the examiners to evaluate the distractors' credibility and functionality. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the DE on the difficulty and discrimination indices.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2023.

genotypes in matched peripheral, placental and umbilical cord blood in an area characterised by unstable malaria transmission in eastern Sudan.

Background: There are few published studies on genotypes in peripheral, placental and umbilical cord blood in areas characterised by unstable malaria transmission.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate genotypes in matched peripheral, placental and umbilical cord blood in eastern Sudan. Thick blood smears and merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) and 2 (MSP2) genes as polymorphic markers in polymerase chain reactions were investigated in 3 kinds of samples of 153 pregnant women at delivery.