Mechanistic understanding of food effects: water diffusivity in gastrointestinal tract is an important parameter for the prediction of disintegration of solid oral dosage forms.

Much interest has been expressed in this work on the role of water diffusivity in the release media as a new parameter for predicting drug release. NMR was used to measure water diffusivity in different media varying in their osmolality and viscosity. Water self-diffusion coefficients in sucrose, sodium chloride, and polymeric hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solutions were correlated with water uptake, disintegration, and drug release rates from trospium chloride immediate release tablets.

Advanced imaging modalities in the detection of cerebral vasospasm.

The pathophysiology of cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is complex and is not entirely understood. Mechanistic insights have been gained through advances in the capabilities of diagnostic imaging. Core techniques have focused on the assessment of vessel caliber, tissue metabolism, and/or regional perfusion parameters.

The challenges of inclusivity in baccalaureate nursing programs.

Nurse educators must meet the challenge of preparing a new generation of nurse leaders who can address the health care needs of an increasingly multicultural society. Institutional culture change that promotes inclusivity develops in response to an intentional embracement of diversity and is key to the success of any program initiatives. Providing resources for students can backfire if they experience the negative consequences of labeling, if incentives are distributed without thoughtful consideration of the related expectations, and if the advising system focuses on prescriptive, rather than developmental, principles.

Computed tomography for clearance of cervical spine injury in the unevaluable patient.

Objective: To review computed tomography (CT) as a stand-alone test for the clearance of cervical spine injury in the unevaluable patient population.

Methods: A PubMed database search was performed using a combination of search terms and Medical Subject Headings. Studies that met inclusion criteria were those with unevaluable patient populations suffering blunt trauma who underwent both CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine.

Evaluation of a bystander education program.

Sexual and partner violence are widespread problems on college campuses. By changing attitudes, beliefs, and behavior, bystander education programs have been found to prevent sexual and partner violence and improve the responses of peers to survivors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of a bystander education program that was adapted to a specific university setting.

[In vitro effect of Hordeum vulgare on the crystallization of calcium oxalate monohydrate (whewellite)].

The recommended conservative treatment of hyperoxaluria is mainly based on hyperhydration and ingestion of inhibitors of crystallization. In accordance with this context, the aim of this study was to determine the in vitro effect of Hordeum vulgare on calcium oxalate crystallization oxalo-dependent. The crystallization of calcium oxalate monohydrate in supersaturated aqueous solution at 37 °C, was followed in a model turbidimetric continuous in a closed system.

Caring for the forensic population: recognizing the educational needs of emergency department nurses and physicians.

The Emergency Department (ED) is a point of contact for victims of violence after an act of criminal activity has occurred. Hence, ED clinicians are in a key position to have a significant impact on both the medical and legal outcomes of the forensic patient population. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare forensic knowledge, practice, and experiences of ED nurses and physicians.

Update of assessment of survival in head and neck cancer after regional recurrence.

Objective. To evaluate site of regional recurrence in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of upper aerodigestive tract after neck dissection and the results of salvage treatment. Methods.

Peer influences within the campus environment on help seeking related to violence.

While partner violence and sexual assault are public health concerns affecting college women, most young women do not seek help after the experience. Limited research explores the interpersonal context of help seeking related to violence in young women. The overall purpose of this research was to understand peer factors within a campus culture associated with seeking help in response to violence within a campus environment.

Understanding and managing conservation conflicts.

Conservation conflicts are increasing and need to be managed to minimise negative impacts on biodiversity, human livelihoods, and human well-being. Here, we explore strategies and case studies that highlight the long-term, dynamic nature of conflicts and the challenges to their management. Conflict management requires parties to recognise problems as shared ones, and engage with clear goals, a transparent evidence base, and an awareness of trade-offs.

Mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke: utilization variances and impact of procedural volume on inpatient mortality.

Background: An increasing number of endovascular mechanical thrombectomy procedures are being performed for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. This study examines variances in the allocation of these procedures in the United States at the hospital level. We investigate operative volume across centers performing mechanical revascularization and establish that procedural volume is independently associated with inpatient mortality.

Selective use of preoperative chemoradiotherapy for T3 rectal cancer can be justified: analysis of local recurrence.

Background: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CXRT) is performed to reduce local recurrence and improve the rate of radical resection for rectal cancer. Currently, it is recommended for all suspected T3 rectal cancers. However, the survival benefit of this procedure is controversial, and complications of RT are often overlooked.

Triaryl-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-triones (isocyanurates) peripherally functionalized by donor groups: synthesis and study of their linear and nonlinear optical properties.

The linear optical (LO) and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of a series of isocyanurates functionalized by donor arms at the periphery are reported herein. These octupolar derivatives were obtained in a straightforward way from commercial isocyanate derivatives and were fully characterized. Although several of these compounds are known, those that exhibited the largest NLO activities are all new compounds.

The density of metastatic lymph node as prognostic factor in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth.

Unlabelled: The presence of metastatic lymph nodes is a relevant prognostic factor in oral cancer.

Objective: This paper aims to assess metastatic lymph node density (pN+) in patients with tongue and floor-of-mouth squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and the association of this parameter with disease-free survival (DFS).

Materials And Methods: A group of 182 patients seen between 1985 and 2007 was included, 169 of which were males.

Hypokalemic quadriparesis: An unusual manifestation of dengue fever.

Dengue is the most important mosquito-borne, arboviral infection found in tropical and sub-tropical climates. Clinical presentation varies from a severe flu-like illness to a potentially lethal dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue has been regarded as a nonneurotropic virus.

Recurrence of "cured" dural arteriovenous fistulas after Onyx embolization.

Endovascular embolization with Onyx has been increasingly used to treat intracranial and spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs). Several case series have been published in recent years reporting high DAVF cure rates with this technique. Although it is seldom reported, DAVF recurrence may occur despite initial "cure.

Prognostic significance of the number of lymph nodes in elective neck dissection for tongue and mouth floor cancers.

Unlabelled: The presence of metastatic lymph nodes is a relevant aspect in the treatment of head and neck cancer, bringing about a 50% reduction in survival.

Objective: To assess the number of lymph nodes removed in the neck dissection and their relationship with the prognosis.

Methods: A retrospective study involving 143 patients with tongue and mouth floor epidermoid carcinoma, which histological exam showed no lymph node metastases.

Neck dissection in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: indication of elective contralateral neck dissection.

Unlabelled: Unilateral or bilateral neck dissection must be considered in the treatment of laryngeal cancer

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of contralateral metastases in larynx cancer and distribution of these metastases according to lymph node levels in the neck.

Method: Retrospective longitudinal study of 272 charts from patients with squamous cell cancer of the larynx treated between 1996 and 2004; and we selected 104 surgical cases submitted to neck dissection. We evaluated the incidence of bilateral or contralateral metastases, according to the location and extension of the primary tumor, considering the anatomical sub-sites and the midline.

Robot-assisted low anterior resection for situs inversus totalis: a novel technical approach for an uncommon condition.

Introduction: Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is an uncommon condition, with an incidence of 1 in 10,000. Surgery for SIT patients is more difficult because of the uncommon anatomy. Experience in laparoscopic surgery for patients with SIT is very limited.

Reticulate acropigmentation of dohi: a case report with insight into genodermatoses with mottled pigmentation.

Reticulate acropigmentation of Dohi also called dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria or symmetrical dyschromatosis of the extremities is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder. It is characterized by mottled pigmentation with patchy depigmentation commonly over the back of the hands and feet and sometimes on the arms and legs.

Controversies in the neurosurgical management of cerebellar hemorrhage and infarction.

Evidence-based guidelines for the management of hemorrhagic and ischemic cerebellar stroke are sparse, and most available data come from Class III studies. As a result, opinions and practices regarding the nature and role of neurosurgical intervention vary widely. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to adjudicate several contentious issues, such as the difference in the management of cerebellar hemorrhage versus infarction, criteria for imaging to exclude an underlying structural lesion, the value of MRI for patient selection, the role of external ventricular drainage, the indications for operative management, the timing of surgical intervention, and various options of surgical technique, among others.

Indeterminate pulmonary nodules in rectal cancer: a recommendation for follow-up guidelines.

Background: Incidental visualization of indeterminate pulmonary nodules is considered a clinical dilemma.

Methods: We identified patients for inclusion in this study by searching for the term "indeterminate nodules" in the radiology database of rectal cancer patients who underwent surgery. Patients with definite metastatic disease were excluded.