Synthesis, characterization, biological activities, and computational studies of pyrazolyl-thiazole derivatives of thiophene.

This study reports the synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of a series of pyrazolyl-thiazole derivatives of thiophene. Seven compounds were synthesized and characterized using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activities of these derivatives were evaluated against various bacterial (, , , ) and fungal strains (, , , ), demonstrating significant inhibition zones and low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC).

Rattusin, an intestinal α-defensin-related peptide in rats with a unique cysteine spacing pattern and salt-insensitive antibacterial activities.

Cationic antimicrobial peptides are essential components of the innate immune system. As a major family of mammalian antimicrobial peptides, defensins are expressed mainly by mucosal epithelial cells and promyelocytes. Despite the capacity to kill a broad spectrum of bacteria through physical disruption of membranes, most defensins show substantially reduced antibacterial activities in the presence of monovalent and divalent cations, thereby limiting their therapeutic potential, particularly for the treatment of systemic infections.

Bioinformatic and expression analysis of novel porcine beta-defensins.

Beta-defensins are a major group of mammalian antimicrobial peptides. Although more than 30 beta-defensins have been identified in humans, only one porcine beta-defensin has been reported. In this article we report the identification and initial characterization of 11 novel porcine beta-defensins (pBD).

Cross-species analysis of the mammalian beta-defensin gene family: presence of syntenic gene clusters and preferential expression in the male reproductive tract.

Mammalian beta-defensins are an important family of innate host defense peptides with pleiotropic activities. As a first step to study the evolutionary relationship and biological role of the beta-defensin family, we identified their complete repertoires in the human, chimpanzee, mouse, rat, and dog following systemic, genome-wide computational searches. Although most beta-defensin genes are composed of two exons separated by an intron of variable length, some contain an additional one or two exons encoding an internal pro-sequence, a segment of carboxy-terminal mature sequences or untranslated regions.