Phenotypic Drug Resistance Pattern and Mutation Characteristics of from Different Body Fluids Among Extra Pulmonary Patients Presented in Selected Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Drug resistance in tuberculosis poses challenges to both the control and prevention of the disease. The extent of resistance is not well known in developing countries, including Ethiopia. This study was conducted to determine the drug resistance patterns and mutation characteristics of among extra pulmonary tuberculosis patients in selected health facilities in Addis Ababa.

Effect of contrasting phosphorus levels on nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions from temperate grassland soils.

Agricultural practices such as repeated fertilization impact carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling and their relationships in the plant-soil continuum, which could have important implications for the magnitude of greenhouse gas emissions. However, little is known about the effect of C and N additions under contrasting soil P availability status on nitrous oxide (NO) and carbon dioxide (CO) emissions. In this study, we conducted a field-based experiment that investigated the impact of long-term (23 years) P management (no (P0, 0 kg P ha), low (P15, 15 kg P ha) and high (P45, 45 kg P ha) P inputs) on NO and CO emissions following two C + N application events in two managed grassland ecosystems with loam and sandy loam soils.

Knowledge on postnatal care among postpartum mothers during discharge in maternity hospitals in Asmara: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The early postnatal period is a dangerous time for both mother and baby where morbidity and mortality are highly prevalent if proper care is not done. Post natal care (PNC) knowledge has significant role in reducing such complications. In this study, the knowledge of postpartum mothers on PNC and its determinants were determined.