Structured and disordered regions of Ataxin-2 contribute differently to the specificity and efficiency of mRNP granule formation.

Ataxin-2 (ATXN2) is a gene implicated in spinocerebellar ataxia type II (SCA2), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinsonism. The encoded protein is a therapeutic target for ALS and related conditions. ATXN2 (or Atx2 in insects) can function in translational activation, translational repression, mRNA stability and in the assembly of mRNP-granules, a process mediated by intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs).

Postoperative Seizure Control in Adult Diffuse Insular Gliomas Presenting with Seizures: A Retrospective Single-Center Experience and Proposal of a Novel Risk Scoring System.

Background: Studies on insular gliomas (IGs) generally focus on the oncological endpoints with a relative scarcity of literature focusing on the seizure outcomes.

Objectives: To study the predictors of long-term postoperative seizure control in IG and propose a novel risk scoring system.

Methods: Histopathologically proven, newly diagnosed adult IGs (>18 years) operated over a 10-year period were studied for postoperative seizure control as per International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) grades at 6 weeks and at last follow-up (minimum of 6 months, median 27 months).

Compliance Assessment of Tobacco Products to Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act in India with Reference to Third Amendment Rules, 2020.

Objective: Tobacco use is associated with mortality in low- and middle-income countries including India with dual burden of smoking and smokeless tobacco (SLT). Aligning with the FCTC, India has made substantial amendments in strengthening graphic warning under Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) for sections 7,8 9 and "Specified warning". Compliance assessment studies are necessary to understand current status of implementation for packaging laws.

A Review on Polymeric Nanostructured Micelles for the Ocular Inflammation-Main Emphasis on Uveitis.

Background: Various types of nano-formulations are being developed and tested for the delivery of the ocular drug. They also have anatomical and physiological limitations, such as tear turnover, nasal lachrymal waste, reflex squinting, and visual static and dynamic hindrances, which pose challenges and delay ocular drug permeation. As a result of these limitations, less than 5% of the dose can reach the ocular tissues.

Comparative Evaluation of the Intravenous Dexmedetomidine and Nalbuphine for Treatment of Post Spinal Shivering-A Randomized Prospective Trial.

Background: Shivering is one of the most common complications of spinal anesthesia because of inhibition of the thermoregulatory control. Dexmedetomidine and nalbuphine are the two commonly used drugs for treatment of perioperative shivering, but owing to paucity of their comparative data, we planned this study to compare the efficacy of these two drugs for treatment of post spinal shivering.

Methods: This study was conducted on 80 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II patients aged from 18 to 60 years who developed post-spinal shivering of grade III or IV during elective surgeries.

Comparative evaluation of propofol versus dexmedetomidine infusion for hypotensive anesthesia during functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a prospective randomized trial.

Background: During functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), intranasal bleeding affects operative field visibility and increases the frequency of complications. Therefore, hypotensive anesthesia is a widely used technique to improve surgical outcomes. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of propofol and dexmedetomidine infusion for hypotensive anesthesia in patients undergoing FESS.

Balancing the Extent of Resection and Ischemic Complications in Insular Glioma Surgery: Technical Nuances and Proposal of a Novel Composite Postoperative Outcome Index.

Background: Maximal safe resection remains the most desired goal of insular glioma surgery. Intraoperative surgical adjuncts provide better tumor visualization and real-time "safety" data but remain limited due to a high cost and limited availability.

Objective: To highlight the importance of anatomical landmarks in insular glioma resection and avoidance of vascular complications.

Evaluation of Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Ropivacaine in Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Unilateral Infraumbilical Surgeries-A Randomized Prospective Trial.

Background: Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block has been demonstrated to be an effective module of multimodal analgesic treatments for infra-umbilical surgeries with limited duration of action. Various adjuvants have been studied to increase the efficacy of this technique. Herein, we evaluated the analgesic efficacy of dexmedetomidine with ropivacaine in TAP block for unilateral infra-umbilical surgeries under spinal anesthesia.

The transcriptional response to oxidative stress is independent of stress-granule formation.

Cells respond to stress with translational arrest, robust transcriptional changes, and transcription-independent formation of mRNP assemblies termed stress granules (SGs). Despite considerable interest in the role of SGs in oxidative, unfolded protein and viral stress responses, whether and how SGs contribute to stress-induced transcription have not been rigorously examined. To address this, we characterized transcriptional changes in S2 cells induced by acute oxidative-stress and assessed how these were altered under conditions that disrupted SG assembly.

Endoscopic Keyhole Approach for Intracranial Epidermoid.

 In contemporary neurosurgical practice, keyhole endoscopic approach has established its role in various neurosurgical pathologies. Intracranial epidermoid is an ideal pathology for endoscopic keyhole approach as epidermoid is well encapsulated, extra-axial, avascular, and easily suckable. The objective of this study is to share our experience of endoscopic keyhole approach for intracranial epidermoids at various locations as a new minimally invasive neurosurgical approach to deal with these lesions.

The Dilemma of Multifocality in Insular Tumors: Multicentricity versus Metastasis.

Background And Purpose: Multifocality and metastasis from insular glioma are extremely rare. Pathological insights and elaboration of the clinical course of this condition will contribute to their better understanding.

Materials And Methods: Among 123 consecutively operated insular gliomas, 5 patients (4.

Insular glioblastoma: surgical challenges, survival outcomes and prognostic factors.

Background: Insular gliomas are unique, challenging and evoke a lot of interest amongst neurosurgeons. Publications on insular glioma generally focus on the surgical intricacies and extent of resection pertaining to the low-grade gliomas. Insular glioblastomas (iGBM) have not been analysed separately before.

Surgery in High-Grade Insular Tumors: Oncological and Seizure Outcomes from 41 Consecutive Patients.

Background: Insular high-grade gliomas are uncommon and constitute approximately 10% of all intracranial high-grade gliomas. Several publications in the recent years have thrown substantial light in the understanding of insular low-grade gliomas. However, there is a paucity of information concerning the spectrum of high-grade lesions affecting the insula, the mode of presentation vis-à-vis low-grade gliomas, and the survival rates to modern therapy.

Direct involvement of Hsp70 ATP hydrolysis in Ubr1-dependent quality control.

Chaperones can mediate both protein folding and degradation. This process is referred to as protein triage, which demands study to reveal mechanisms of quality control for both basic scientific and translational purposes. In yeast, many misfolded proteins undergo chaperone-dependent ubiquitination by the action of the E3 ligases Ubr1 and San1, allowing detailed study of protein triage.

COVID-19 and safer investment bets.

I examine the spillover effects across the three different long-short portfolio indices during the COVID-19 pandemic. The relative outperformance of the ESG portfolio, reported by Nofsinger and Varma (2014) and Lins et al. (2017), comes from the fact that the probability of its returns getting affected by the other safer investment strategies increases during an economic slowdown.

Genetic underpinnings of lung function and COPD.

Spirometry based measurement of lung function is a global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) standard to diagnose chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The environmental and behavioural risk factors for COPD includes tobacco smoking, air pollutants and biomass fuel exposure, which can induce one or more abnormal lung function patterns. While smoking remains the primary risk factor, only 15-20% smokers develop COPD, indicating that the genetic factors are also likely to play a role.

Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of novel benzimidazole derivatives.

A novel series of N-substituted-benzimidazolyl linked para substituted benzylidene based molecules containing three pharmacologically potent hydrogen bonding parts namely; 2,4-thiazolidinedione (TZD: a 2,4-dicarbonyl), diethyl malonate (DEM: a 1,3-diester and an isooxazolidinedione analog) and methyl acetoacetate (MAA: a β-ketoester) (6a-11b) were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition. The structure of the novel synthesized compounds was confirmed through the spectral studies (LC-MS, H NMR, C NMR, FT-IR). Comparative evaluation of these compounds revealed that the compound 9b showed maximum inhibitory potential against α-amylase and α-glucosidase giving an IC value of 0.

Isolation of Nuclear RNA-Associated Protein Complexes.

Noncoding RNAs, being at the center stage of the organismal development and homeostasis, warrant a detailed analysis to utilize their full therapeutic potential. They form complexes with various proteins that enable the noncoding RNAs to acquire specific cellular functions such as the transcriptional outcomes that are controlled in a spatio-temporal manner. In this protocol, we describe a method to isolate such known (and unknown) protein complexes bound to a nuclear noncoding RNA.

Comparative Efficacy of Intrathecal Bupivacaine Alone and Combination of Bupivacaine with Clonidine in Spinal Anaesthesia.

Introduction: Clonidine is an α2 agonist agent that has been used as an adjuvant to local anaesthetics in regional anaesthesia.

Aim: This study compared two combinations of bupivacaine and clonidine with bupivacaine alone for surgeries below the level of umbilicus in spinal anaesthesia.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a randomized double blind study on 90 patients of ASA I and ASA II aged 20-60 years, 30 in each group, undergoing surgery below the level of umbilicus in spinal anaesthesia.

Direct and essential function for Hrd3 in ER-associated degradation.

The HRD (HMG-CoA reductase degradation) pathway is a conserved route of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), by which misfolded ER proteins are ubiquitinated and degraded. ERAD substrates are ubiquitinated by the action of the Hrd1 RING-H2 E3 ligase. Hrd1 is always present in a stoichiometric complex with the ER membrane protein Hrd3, which is also required for HRD-dependent degradation.