The effect of the BK polyomavirus large T antigen on the function and maturity of the CD4 T cell subsets in kidney transplant recipients.

Background: In kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) who are immunosuppressed, human BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection can be reactivated, resulting in BKPyV-associated nephropathy (BKPyVN). Considering that BKPyV inhibits CD4 T cell differentiation, we investigated the effect of BKPyV large T antigen (LT-Ag) on the maturation of CD4 T cell subsets during active BKPyV infection.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we examined the following groups: 1) five KTRs with active viral infection (BKPyV KTRs), 2) five KTRs without active viral infection (BKPyVKTRs), and 3) five healthy controls.

Association of TSHR gene single nucleotide intronic polymorphism with the risk of hypothyroid and hyperthyroid disorders in Yazd province.

The present study was carried out, for the first time, to evaluate the association of rs2268458 polymorphism, biochemical and environmental factors on hypothyroid and hyperthyroid disorders in thyroid patients and healthy individuals in Yazd province, Iran. In this study, blood samples were collected from a total of 100 cases, including 60 hypothyroid, 20 hyperthyroid and 20 normal individuals. DNA was extracted from blood samples and the rs2268458 single nucleotide intronic polymorphism was evaluated using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism PCR (RFLP-PCR).

The effect of BK polyomavirus large T antigen on CD4 and CD8 T cells in kidney transplant recipients.

Human BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) can affect the machinery of the host cell to induce optimal viral replication or transform them into tumor cells. Reactivation of BKPyV happens due to immunosuppression therapies following renal transplantation which might result in BK polyomavirus nephropathy (BKPyVAN) and allograft loss. The first protein that expresses after entering into host cells and has an important role in pathogenicity is the Large T antigen (LT-Ag).

Immunoprotective effect of an in silico designed multiepitope cancer vaccine with BORIS cancer-testis antigen target in a murine mammary carcinoma model.

In our previous study, immunoinformatic tools were used to design a novel multiepitope cancer vaccine based on the most immunodominant regions of BORIS cancer-testis antigen. The final vaccine construct was an immunogenic, non-allergenic, and stable protein consisted of multiple cytotoxic T lymphocytes epitopes, IFN-γ inducing epitopes, and B cell epitopes according to bioinformatic analyzes. Herein, the DNA sequence of the final vaccine construct was placed into the pcDNA3.

Applications of Magnetite Nanoparticles in Cancer Immunotherapies: Present Hallmarks and Future Perspectives.

Current immuno-oncotherapeutic protocols that inhibit tumor immune evasion have demonstrated great clinical success. However, the therapeutic response is limited only to a percentage of patients, and the immune-related adverse events can compromise the therapeutic benefits. Therefore, improving cancer immunotherapeutic approaches that pursue high tumor suppression efficiency and low side effects turn out to be a clinical priority.

Antineoplastic drug-loaded polymer-modified magnetite nanoparticles: Comparative analysis of EPR-mediated drug delivery.

This study aimed to design and evaluate enhanced permeation and retention (EPR)-mediated anticancer effect of polymer-modified and drug-loaded magnetite nanocomposites. The preformulated bare (10 nm), chitosan-superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO; 69 nm), heparin-SPIO (42 nm), and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane-polyethylene glycol-SPIO (17 nm) nanocomposites were utilized to evaluate the EPR-mediated localized cancer targeting and retention of doxorubicin (DOX) and paclitaxel (PTX) in human ovarian cancer cell lines, A2780 and OVCAR-3 in vitro and in the tumor-baring Balb/c mice in vivo. Fluorescence microscopy showed that DOX- and PTX-loaded SPIO nanoparticles caused long-term accumulation and cytoplasmic retention in A2780 and OVCAR-3 cells, as compared to free drugs in vitro.

Biocompatible APTES-PEG modified magnetite nanoparticles: effective carriers of antineoplastic agents to ovarian cancer.

Magnetite nanoparticles are particularly attractive for drug delivery applications because of their size-dependent superparamagnetism, low toxicity, and biocompatibility with cells and tissues. Surface modification of iron oxide nanoparticles with biocompatible polymers is potentially beneficial to prepare biodegradable nanocomposite-based drug delivery agents for in vivo and in vitro applications. In the present study, the bare (10 nm) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-(3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) (PA) modified (17 nm) superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO NPs) were synthesized by coprecipitation method.

Chitosan-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for doxorubicin delivery: synthesis and anticancer effect against human ovarian cancer cells.

Doxorubicin-loaded chitosan-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3 O4 ; SPIO-NPs) were prepared by coprecipitation and emulsification cross-linking method and uniform NPs with an average particle size of 82 nm, with high encapsulation efficiencies, were obtained. The drug-loading efficiency of doxorubicin (3.2 mg/mg NPs) showed better results for the chitosan-loaded SPIO-NPs as compared to the bare ones (0.