Prognostic and predictive factors for the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab deruxtecan in HER2-positive gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer.

Background: Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is an antibody-drug conjugate targeting HER2-positive gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/GEJC). Although effective, T-DXd has notable toxicities, including interstitial lung disease (ILD). This study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and prognostic factors associated with T-DXd for GC/GEJC.

Current landscape of targeted therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Esophageal cancer is the seventh most common malignancy worldwide and is primarily categorized into adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), with the predominant histological type varying by region. In Western countries, including the United States, adenocarcinoma is more prevalent, whereas in East Asian countries, SCC is more common, with it constituting 86% of cases in Japan. Although there has been an increasing trend of adenocarcinoma in Western populations, SCC still accounts for the majority of esophageal cancer cases globally.

Usefulness of discharge standards in outpatients undergoing sedative endoscopy: a propensity score-matched study of the modified post-anesthetic discharge scoring system and the modified Aldrete score.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of discharge standards in outpatients undergoing sedative endoscopy by comparing the modified post-anesthetic discharge scoring system (MPADSS) and the modified Aldrete score.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled 376 outpatients who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy under midazolam sedation; 181 outpatients were assessed regarding discharge after sedative endoscopy using the MPADSS (group M), and 195 patients were assessed by the modified Aldrete score (group A). The clinical characteristics, types of endoscopy, endoscopic outcomes, and anesthesia outcomes were evaluated between the two groups.

Safety and Efficacy of Sedation During Emergency Endoscopy for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

Background And Aim: This study aimed to compare patients with and without sedation during emergency endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) and to clarify the safety and efficacy of sedation in emergency endoscopy.

Methods: We retrospectively collected 389 patients who underwent emergency endoscopy for UGIB at Ureshino Medical Center from 2016 to 2021. Patients were divided into two groups: sedation group during emergency endoscopy and nonsedation group.

Successful endoscopic closure with an over-the-scope clip for sigmoid colon perforation due to bile duct stent migration.

An 86-year-old woman presented with a history of endoscopic papillary sphincterotomy for bile duct stones and diverticulitis. The patient was admitted as an emergency case of acute cholangitis due to choledocholithiasis, underwent endoscopic bile duct stenting, and was discharged with a plan for endoscopic lithotripsy. One month later, the patient was readmitted owing to abdominal pain.

A case of pancreatic endocrine carcinoma with a different clinical diagnosis before chemotherapy and pathological autopsy.

We encountered a case of pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (pNEC) diagnosed via pathological autopsy that was initially diagnosed clinically as G3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (G3 pNET) and discussed the differences between these entities in the literature. A 76-year-old man was admitted to our department because of jaundice. Computed tomography revealed multiple round nodules in both lung fields, suggesting metastasis, and a mass lesion was detected in the head of the pancreas with poor contrast in the arterial phase and slight contrast enhancement in the equilibrium phase.

Efficacy of elobixibat as bowel preparation agent for colonoscopy: Prospective, randomized, multi-center study.

Background And Aim: Elobixibat is a novel ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor. This study aimed to compare the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of the combination of elobixibat and 1 L of polyethylene glycol formulation containing ascorbic acid (PEG-Asc) solution versus the combination of sodium picosulfate and 1-L PEG-Asc solution as bowel preparation for colonoscopy.

Methods: This multi-center, randomized, observer-blinded, non-inferiority study recruited 210 outpatients who were assigned to either the elobixibat plus 1-L PEG-Asc group (group A) or the sodium picosulfate plus 1-L PEG-Asc group (group B).

Successful retrograde transvenous embolization under balloon occlusion for rectal arteriovenous malformation.

A 57-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of frequent hematochezia. Colonoscopy exhibited a submucosal tumor-like lesion in the lower rectum. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a rectal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) on the right side wall of the lower rectum.

Colorectal endoscopic mucosal resection with submucosal injection of epinephrine versus hypertonic saline in patients taking antithrombotic agents: propensity-score-matching analysis.

Background: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) to remove colon polyps is increasingly common in patients taking antithrombotic agents. The safety of EMR with submucosal saline injection has not been clearly demonstrated in this population.

Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of submucosal injection of saline-epinephrine versus hypertonic saline in colorectal EMR of patients taking antithrombotic agents.