Cellular prion protein acts as mediator of amyloid beta uptake by caveolin-1 causing cellular dysfunctions in vitro and in vivo.

Introduction: Cellular prion protein (PrP) was implicated in amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the precise molecular mechanisms involved in this process are unclear.

Methods: Double transgenic mice were generated by crossing Prnp knockout (KO) with 5xFAD mice, and light-sheet microscopy was used for whole brain tissue analyses. PrP-overexpressing cells were developed for in vitro studies, and microscopy was used to assess co-localization of proteins of interest.

Structural insights into actin isoforms.

Actin isoforms organize into distinct networks that are essential for the normal function of eukaryotic cells. Despite a high level of sequence and structure conservation, subtle differences in their design principles determine the interaction with myosin motors and actin-binding proteins. Therefore, identifying how the structure of actin isoforms relates to function is important for our understanding of normal cytoskeletal physiology.

Cryo-EM structure of the autoinhibited state of myosin-2.

We solved the near-atomic resolution structure of smooth muscle myosin-2 in the autoinhibited state (10) using single-particle cryo–electron microscopy. The 3.4-Å structure reveals the precise molecular architecture of 10 and the structural basis for myosin-2 regulation.

SFPQ and Tau: critical factors contributing to rapid progression of Alzheimer's disease.

Dysfunctional RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been implicated in several neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, this paradigm of RBPs has been extended to pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we identified disease subtype specific variations in the RNA-binding proteome (RBPome) of sporadic AD (spAD), rapidly progressive AD (rpAD), and sporadic Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (sCJD), as well as control cases using RNA pull-down assay in combination with proteomics.

The role of cellular prion protein in lipid metabolism in the liver.

Cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a plasma membrane glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored protein and it is involved in multiple functions, including neuroprotection and oxidative stress. So far, most of the PrPC functional research is done in neuronal tissue or cell lines; the role of PrPC in non-neuronal tissues such as liver is only poorly understood. To characterize the role of PrPC in the liver, a proteomics approach was applied in the liver tissue of PrPC knockout mice.

Topographic assessment of human enamel surface treated with different topical sodium fluoride agents: Scanning electron microscope consideration.

Introduction: Continuous balanced demineralization and remineralization are natural dynamic processes in enamel. If the balance is interrupted and demineralization process dominates, it may eventually lead to the development of carious lesions in enamel and dentine. Fluoride helps control decay by enhancing remineralization and altering the structure of the tooth, making the surface less soluble.

Applications of the real-time quaking-induced conversion assay in diagnosis, prion strain-typing, drug pre-screening and other amyloidopathies.

The development of in vitro protein misfolding amplification assays for the detection and analysis of abnormally folded proteins, such as proteinase K resistant prion protein (PrP) was a major innovation in the prion field. In prion diseases, these types of assays imitate the pathological conversion of the cellular PrP (PrP) into a proteinase resistant associated conformer or amyloid, called PrP. Areas covered: The most prominent protein misfolding amplification assays are the protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), which is based on sonication and the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) technique based on shaking.

Molecular Alterations in the Cerebellum of Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Subtypes with DJ-1 as a Key Regulator of Oxidative Stress.

Cerebellar damage and granular and Purkinje cell loss in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) highlight a critical involvement of the cerebellum during symptomatic progression of the disease. In this project, global proteomic alterations in the cerebellum of brain from the two most prevalent subtypes (MM1 and VV2) of sCJD were studied. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) coupled mass spectrometric identification revealed 40 proteins in MM1 and 43 proteins in VV2 subtype to be differentially expressed.

Stratification by Genetic and Demographic Characteristics Improves Diagnostic Accuracy of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Rapidly Progressive Dementia.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are routinely used for the differential diagnosis of rapidly progressive dementia, but are also affected by patients' characteristics.

Objective: To assess if stratification by age, sex, and genetic risk factors improves the accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in patients with rapidly progressive dementia.

Methods: 1,538 individuals with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), 173 with classic Alzheimer's disease (cAD), 37 with rapidly progressive Alzheimer's disease (rpAD), and 589 without signs of dementia were included in this retrospective diagnostic study.

Endophilin-A Deficiency Induces the Foxo3a-Fbxo32 Network in the Brain and Causes Dysregulation of Autophagy and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System.

Endophilin-A, a well-characterized endocytic adaptor essential for synaptic vesicle recycling, has recently been linked to neurodegeneration. We report here that endophilin-A deficiency results in impaired movement, age-dependent ataxia, and neurodegeneration in mice. Transcriptional analysis of endophilin-A mutant mice, complemented by proteomics, highlighted ataxia- and protein-homeostasis-related genes and revealed upregulation of the E3-ubiquitin ligase FBXO32/atrogin-1 and its transcription factor FOXO3A.

Application of capillary immunoelectrophoresis revealed an age- and gender-dependent regulated expression of PrPC in liver.

The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a glycoprotein, anchored to the plasma membrane and abundantly expressed in the central nervous system. The expression of PrPC in the peripheral tissues is low and only little information is available on its functions in the nonneuronal tissues. The antioxidant function of PrPC during the activation of hepatic stellate cells has already been reported.