How to minimise the incidence of transport-related problem behaviours in horses: a review.

This review aims to provide practical outcomes on how to minimise the incidence of transport-related problem behaviours (TRPBs) in horses. TRPBs are unwanted behaviours occurring during different phases of transport, most commonly, a reluctance to load and scrambling during travelling. TRPBs can result in injuries to horses and horse handlers, horse trailer accidents, disruption of time schedules, inability to attend competitions, and poor performance following travel.

Super-Resolution Microscopy Reveals a Nanoscale Organization of Acetylcholine Receptors for Trans-Synaptic Alignment at Neuromuscular Synapses.

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a chemical synapse formed between motoneurons and skeletal muscle fibers. The vertebrate NMJ uses acetylcholine (ACh) as the neurotransmitter and features numerous invaginations of the postsynaptic muscle membrane termed junctional folds. ACh receptors (AChRs) are believed to be concentrated on the crest of junctional folds but their spatial organization remains to be fully understood.

A beginner's guide to getting involved in science advocacy.

Every scientist in the United States likely has a story of how the federal funding crisis for biomedical research has affected him or her personally. The sharing of these powerful anecdotes will enable policy makers to fully grasp the extent to which the decline in federal funding has negatively affected the scientific community. However, many scientists do not know where to begin or are uncertain that their advocacy efforts will have an impact.

Influence of donor age on the biomechanical and biochemical properties of human meniscal allografts.

Background: Although the use of meniscal allografts to replace severely damaged or absent menisci is commonplace, little is known about the effects of donor age on the biochemical and biomechanical properties of human menisci.

Hypothesis: The mechanical and biochemical properties of human medial and lateral menisci from donors less than 45 years of age do not vary with donor age.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Intratumoral administration of cisplatin through a bronchoscope followed by irradiation for treatment of inoperable non-small cell obstructive lung cancer.

Purpose: Patients presenting with inoperable non-small cell carcinoma of the lung associated with severe bronchial obstruction are at a high risk for developing post-obstructive pneumonia or respiratory failure. This often leads to death in weeks to months. Several studies suggest that initial use of debulking of obstructed airways by Nd-YAG laser photo resection or by cryotherapy lessens morbidity by reducing infections and respiratory insufficiencies.

Efficacy of mitoxantrone-loaded albumin microspheres for intratumoral chemotherapy of breast cancer.

Systemic toxicity of intravenously delivered chemotherapy is a limiting factor in the treatment of many cancers. We have shown that intratumoral injection of antineoplastic drugs can provide high localized drug concentrations with greatly reduced systemic toxicity. Using albumin microspheres as a drug carrier, localized and sustained release of chemotherapeutic drugs has been achieved by intratumoral injection, thus increasing the intratumoral dose and antitumor efficacy.

Bacterial actins? An evolutionary perspective.

According to the conventional wisdom, the existence of a cytoskeleton in eukaryotes and its absence in prokaryotes constitute a fundamental divide between the two domains of life. An integral part of the dogma is that a cytoskeleton enabled an early eukaryote to feed upon prokaryotes, a consequence of which was the occasional endosymbiosis and the eventual evolution of organelles. Two recent papers1, 2 present compelling evidence that actin, one of the principal components of a cytoskeleton, has a homolog in Bacteria that behaves in many ways like eukaryotic actin.