SCAT5 Sex Differences: Normative Data, Clinical Thresholds, and Relevance for Identification of Concussion.

Objective: This study evaluated sex differences in performance on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5 (SCAT5) Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) and in baseline SCAT5 symptom reporting. It established clinically relevant cut points for low performance on the SAC based on both reliable chance indices (RCIs) and normative performance. This study also evaluated the diagnostic utility of the sex-adjusted SCAT5 SAC for identification of suspected concussion in collegiate athletes.

The female athlete triad.

The female athlete triad represents the 3 interrelated components: of energy availability (EA), menstrual function and bone health. Each component exists on a spectrum ranging from optimal health to dysfunction. Screening for the triad during the annual wellness exam, the preparticipation physical evaluation (PPE) or when the athlete presents with any single component can help identify athletes at risk.

The primary care sports medicine fellowship: American Medical Society for Sports Medicine proposed standards of excellence.

The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine recognises a need to provide direction and continually enhance the quality of sports medicine fellowship training programmes. This document was developed to be an educational resource for sports medicine physicians who teach in a 1-year primary care sports medicine fellowship training programme. It is meant to provide high standards and targets for fellowship training programmes that choose to re-assess their curriculum and seek to make improvements.

Primary Care Sports Medicine Fellowship: AMSSM Proposed Standards of Excellence.

The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) recognizes a need to provide direction and continually enhance the quality of sports medicine fellowship training programs. This document was developed to be an educational resource for sports medicine physicians who teach in a 1-year primary care sports medicine fellowship training program. It is meant to provide high standards and targets for fellowship training programs that choose to reassess their curriculum and seek to make improvements.

The Female Athlete Triad.

The number of girls participating in sports has increased significantly since the introduction of Title XI in 1972. As a result, more girls have been able to experience the social, educational, and health-related benefits of sports participation. However, there are risks associated with sports participation, including the female athlete triad.

Approach to the Underperforming Athlete.

Children and adolescents who participate in intense sports training may face physical and psychologic stresses. The pediatric health care provider can play an important role in monitoring an athlete's preparation by obtaining a proper sports history, assessing sleep hygiene, discussing nutrition and hydration guidelines, and evaluating physiologic causes of fatigue. Educating parents and athletes on the potential risks of high-intensity training, inadequate rest and sleep, and a poor diet may improve the athlete's performance and prevent symptoms of overtraining syndrome.

Patient adviser exercising for two: steps for a healthy, active pregnancy.

Staying healthy is important at any stage of life, but especially while you are pregnant. You want to give your baby the best possible start by eating right, not smoking, getting enough rest, and exercising.

Practical exercise advice during pregnancy: guidelines for active and inactive women.

Many women enjoy regular exercise as a part of a healthy lifestyle and may wish to continue exercising after they become pregnant. Some previously sedentary women may want to start an exercise program during pregnancy. Primary care and sports medicine physicians should understand the contraindications (eg, hypertension, diabetes, placenta previa, preeclampsia) and the concerns about exercise during pregnancy (eg, fetal nutrition, risk of preterm labor) and be able to offer reasonable guidelines to women who wish to start or continue exercise during pregnancy.