CD73-Dependent Adenosine Signaling through Adora2b Drives Immunosuppression in Ductal Pancreatic Cancer.

Unlabelled: The microenvironment that surrounds pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is profoundly desmoplastic and immunosuppressive. Understanding triggers of immunosuppression during the process of pancreatic tumorigenesis would aid in establishing targets for effective prevention and therapy. Here, we interrogated differential molecular mechanisms dependent on cell of origin and subtype that promote immunosuppression during PDAC initiation and in established tumors.

Thrombin as a Potential Proxy to Select for Horn Fly Abundance in Beef Cattle.

Horn flies are a major nuisance to cattle and induce significant economic losses. Fly abundance varies within and across breeds and genetic analyses have shown sufficient genetic variation to permit selection. A major bottleneck for selecting against horn fly abundance is the complexity of measuring fly attraction phenotypes.

Impad1 and Syt11 work in an epistatic pathway that regulates EMT-mediated vesicular trafficking to drive lung cancer invasion and metastasis.

Lung cancer is a highly aggressive and metastatic disease responsible for approximately 25% of all cancer-related deaths in the United States. Using high-throughput in vitro and in vivo screens, we have previously established Impad1 as a driver of lung cancer invasion and metastasis. Here we elucidate that Impad1 is a direct target of the epithelial microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-200 and miR∼96 and is de-repressed during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT); thus, we establish a mode of regulation of the protein.

The microRNA-183/96/182 cluster inhibits lung cancer progression and metastasis by inducing an interleukin-2-mediated antitumor CD8 cytotoxic T-cell response.

One of the mechanisms by which cancer cells acquire hyperinvasive and migratory properties with progressive loss of epithelial markers is the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We have previously reported that in different cancer types, including nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the microRNA-183/96/182 cluster (m96cl) is highly repressed in cells that have undergone EMT. In the present study, we used a novel conditional m96cl mouse to establish that loss of m96cl accelerated the growth of Kras mutant autochthonous lung adenocarcinomas.

Dance of The Golgi: Understanding Golgi Dynamics in Cancer Metastasis.

The Golgi apparatus is at the center of protein processing and trafficking in normal cells. Under pathological conditions, such as in cancer, aberrant Golgi dynamics alter the tumor microenvironment and the immune landscape, which enhances the invasive and metastatic potential of cancer cells. Among these changes in the Golgi in cancer include altered Golgi orientation and morphology that contribute to atypical Golgi function in protein trafficking, post-translational modification, and exocytosis.

Ecology and diversity of culturable fungal species associated with soybean seedling diseases in the Midwestern United States.

Aims: To isolate and characterize fungi associated with diseased soybean seedlings in Midwestern soybean production fields and to determine the influence of environmental and edaphic factors on their incidence.

Methods And Results: Seedlings were collected from fields with seedling disease history in 2012 and 2013 for fungal isolation. Environmental and edaphic data associated with each field was collected.

Reduction of Pythium Damping-Off in Soybean by Biocontrol Seed Treatment.

spp. is one of the major groups of pathogens that cause seedling diseases on soybean, leading to both preemergence and postemergence damping-off and root rot. More than 100 species have been identified within this genus, with , , var , and being particularly important for soybean production given their aggressiveness, prevalence, and abundance in production fields.

The Reliability of Visual Ratings of Velopharyngeal Physiology for Speech.

Background: Analyze intrarater and interrater reliability for evaluating endoscopic images of velopharyngeal (VP) physiology.

Method: Speakers produced 9 speech stimuli representing 4 stimulus types: sustained phonemes, repetitions of "puh," single words, and short phrases. The 37-speaker participants included 16 patients with VP dysfunction and 21 control participants.

Isolates Inhibit Growth, Reduce Root Rot, and Induce Defense-Related Genes on Soybean Seedlings.

Sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by is among the most important diseases affecting soybean in the United States. The use of biological control agents (BCAs) such as spp. can be a valuable resource to suppress populations.

Cdc48/VCP and Endocytosis Regulate TDP-43 and FUS Toxicity and Turnover.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron degenerative disease. TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein 43) and FUS (fused in sarcoma) are aggregation-prone RNA-binding proteins that in ALS can mislocalize to the cytoplasm of affected motor neuron cells, often forming cytoplasmic aggregates in the process. Such mislocalization and aggregation are implicated in ALS pathology, though the mechanism(s) of TDP-43 and FUS cytoplasmic toxicity remains unclear.

Molecular evidence for an intrinsic circadian pacemaker in the cardiac ganglion of the American lobster, Homarus americanus - Is diel cycling of heartbeat frequency controlled by a peripheral clock system?

Whether cardiac output in decapod crustaceans is under circadian control has long been debated, with mixed evidence for and against the hypothesis. Moreover, the locus of the clock system controlling cardiac activity, if it is under circadian control, is unknown. However, a report that the crayfish heart in organ culture maintains a circadian oscillation in heartbeat frequency suggests the presence of a peripheral pacemaker within the cardiac neuromuscular system itself.

Circadian signaling in Homarus americanus: Region-specific de novo assembled transcriptomes show that both the brain and eyestalk ganglia possess the molecular components of a putative clock system.

Essentially all organisms exhibit recurring patterns of physiology/behavior that oscillate with a period of ~24-h and are synchronized to the solar day. Crustaceans are no exception, with robust circadian rhythms having been documented in many members of this arthropod subphylum. However, little is known about the molecular underpinnings of their circadian rhythmicity.