Oxidation, reduction, and methylation of carnosic acid by Nocardia.

Preparative-scale incubations with Nocardia sp. NRRL 5646 were conducted to produce new derivatives of the abietane diterpene chemoprotectant and antioxidant carnosic acid (1). Reductive biotransformation of the C-20 carboxylic acid functional group followed by biological methylation at the C-11 phenol afforded 4.

Comparative histologic effects of daily topical application of creams containing all-trans-retinoic acid or all-trans-retinoyl beta-glucuronide on pig skin.

The efficacy of all-trans-retinoic acid (tRA) and all-trans-retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG), a water-soluble metabolite of vitamin A, in the topical treatment of acne is comparable. However, whereas 3.3 mM tRA shows side effects, 3.

Effects of subcutaneously injected graded doses of all-trans retinoic acid and all-trans retinoyl beta-glucuronide on the outcome of pregnancy in Sprague-Dawley rats.

The effects of single subcutaneous injections (s.c.) of graded doses (20, 40, 80, 160, 320, and 480 mumol/kg body weight (BW) of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and all-trans retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG) on day 8.