Publications by authors named "Amanda T Pettersson"

Proteins of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1 (PGC-1) family of transcriptional coactivators coordinate physiological adaptations in many tissues, usually in response to demands for higher nutrient and energy supply. Of the founding members of the family, PGC-1α (also known as PPARGC1A) is the most highly regulated gene, using multiple promoters and alternative splicing to produce a growing number of coactivator variants. PGC-1α promoters are selectively active in distinct tissues in response to specific stimuli.

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Depression is a debilitating condition with a profound impact on quality of life for millions of people worldwide. Physical exercise is used as a treatment strategy for many patients, but the mechanisms that underlie its beneficial effects remain unknown. Here, we describe a mechanism by which skeletal muscle PGC-1α1 induced by exercise training changes kynurenine metabolism and protects from stress-induced depression.

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The liver X receptors (LXRs) play a key role in cholesterol and bile acid metabolism but are also important regulators of glucose metabolism. Recently, LXRs have been proposed as a glucose sensor affecting LXR-dependent gene expression. We challenged wild-type (WT) and LXRαβ(-/-) mice with a normal diet (ND) or a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD).

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Cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor alpha-like effector A (CIDEA) is endogenously expressed in human but not rodent white adipocytes. We performed a bioinformatic analysis of the human CIDEA sequence and found conserved amino-acid motifs involved in binding to nuclear receptors. Protein-protein binding experiments and transactivation assays confirmed that CIDEA binds to liver X receptors and regulates their activity in vitro.

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Context: Twist1 is a transcription factor implicated in the regulation of TNFα signaling and was recently shown to be highly expressed in both human and murine adipose tissue, but its role in obesity is unknown.

Objective: Our objective was to assess the expression of twist1 in human white adipose tissue (WAT), its relationship to obesity and insulin sensitivity, and how it modifies TNFα-mediated inflammation in adipocytes.

Procedure: Twist mRNA levels were measured in WAT from 130 nonobese and obese subjects, and its relation to clinical parameters was assessed.

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Context: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) regulate the development of white adipose tissue (WAT). However, the secretion and cellular origin of individual FGFs in WAT as well as the influence of obesity are unknown.

Objective: Our objective was to map FGFs in human sc WAT, the cellular source, and association with obesity.

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Background: Mice lacking Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) have reduced body fat which at least partly is mediated through increased lipid and glucose metabolism in adipose tissue. In humans, RIP140 is lower expressed in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese versus lean subjects. We investigated the role of RIP140 in human subcutaneous WAT, which is the major fat depot of the body.

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Objective: Twist1 is a transcription factor that is highly expressed in murine brown and white adipose tissue (WAT) and negatively regulates fatty acid oxidation in mice. The role of twist1 in WAT is not known and was therefore examined.

Research Design And Methods: The expression of twist1 was determined by quantitative real-time PCR in different tissues and in different cell types within adipose tissue.

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Liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear receptors with established roles in cholesterol, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism, although their function in adipocytes is not well characterized. Increased adipose tissue mass in obesity is associated with increased adipocyte lipolysis. Fatty acids (FA) generated by lipolysis can be oxidized by mitochondrial beta-oxidation, reesterified, or released from the adipocyte.

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