Tropical butterflies use thermal buffering and thermal tolerance as alternative strategies to cope with temperature increase.

Climate change poses a severe threat to many taxa, with increased mean temperatures and frequency of extreme weather events predicted. Insects can respond to high temperatures using behaviour, such as angling their wings away from the sun or seeking cool local microclimates to thermoregulate or through physiological tolerance. In a butterfly community in Panama, we compared the ability of adult butterflies from 54 species to control their body temperature across a range of air temperatures (thermal buffering ability), as well as assessing the critical thermal maxima for a subset of 24 species.

Thermoregulatory ability and mechanism do not differ consistently between neotropical and temperate butterflies.

Climate change is a major threat to species worldwide, yet it remains uncertain whether tropical or temperate species are more vulnerable to changing temperatures. To further our understanding of this, we used a standardised field protocol to (1) study the buffering ability (ability to regulate body temperature relative to surrounding air temperature) of neotropical (Panama) and temperate (the United Kingdom, Czech Republic and Austria) butterflies at the assemblage and family level, (2) determine if any differences in buffering ability were driven by morphological characteristics and (3) used ecologically relevant temperature measurements to investigate how butterflies use microclimates and behaviour to thermoregulate. We hypothesised that temperate butterflies would be better at buffering than neotropical butterflies as temperate species naturally experience a wider range of temperatures than their tropical counterparts.

Calibration of the Becton Dickinson FocalPoint GS slide profiler is essential for optimal performance: Avoiding the algorithm supersaturation cascade effect pitfall.

Background: The MAVARIC study supported the use of the FocalPoint GS (FPGS) imaging system "No Further Review" (NFR) technology for cervical screening and recommended further investigation. A validation study (Nuttall et al.) was performed by Cervical Screening Wales before implementing the NFR slide reporting technology within the cervical screening program in Wales, United Kingdom.

Designing an online cultural communication module for pharmacy students across three countries.

Background And Purpose: Health care professionals are required to interact with increasingly diverse cultural groups and complexity of culture. The purpose of this study was to design and disseminate an online cultural communication module for use by pharmacy students across three countries.

Educational Activity And Setting: Three pharmacy schools from Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom developed 18 role-play videos demonstrating interactions between pharmacists and patients from diverse cultural groups.

Remote OSCE Experience: What First Year Pharmacy Students Liked, Learned, and Suggested for Future Implementations.

During the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, many schools quickly transitioned their teaching and assessment strategies to online formats. In Spring 2020, a 3-station remote Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) was implemented for first-year pharmacy students. The day following the remote OSCEs students answered three open-text prompts about the remote OSCE experience: (1) "I liked.

The essential role of pharmacists facilitating vaccination in older adults: the case of Herpes Zoster.

Older adults share a disproportionately high burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. Despite recommendations from national and international health organizations, vaccination rates among older patients remain suboptimal, suggesting poor access and barriers to vaccination. Pharmacists are uniquely positioned to assist patients in overcoming many of these barriers.

A retrospective validation of the FocalPoint GS slide profiler NFR technology by analysis of interval disease outcomes compared with manual cytology.

Background: To the authors' knowledge, published studies reporting on the performance of the FocalPoint GS (FPGS) imaging system have yielded conflicting results to date. However, the results of the MAVARIC study indicated that the FPGS "No Further Review" (NFR) aspect of the technology demonstrated potential and warranted further investigation. The current validation study was performed prior to implementing the NFR slide reporting technology within the routine cervical screening program in Wales, United Kingdom.