Impact of Preeclampsia on Long-Term Cognitive Function.

Preeclampsia increases a woman's risk of stroke and leads to short-term cognitive complaints. Our objective was to assess the impact of preeclampsia on long-term cognitive performance. This is a retrospective cohort study using data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults cohort of healthy individuals (18-30 years) recruited from the general population in 3 cities in the United States, followed for 25 years (1985-2010).

Normative data for TM electrocochleography measures.

Objective: Establish normative data for tympanic electrocochleography (TM ECochG) parameters in normal hearing adults without Ménière's disease's (MD) symptoms. Describe TM ECochG variables that help to distinguish normal from MD ears.

Material And Methods: We enrolled 100 subjects (N = 200 ears), 59 females, aged between 19 and 71 years from 09/2010 to 04/2014.

A graphical perspective of marginal structural models: An application for the estimation of the effect of physical activity on blood pressure.

Estimating causal effects requires important prior subject-matter knowledge and, sometimes, sophisticated statistical tools. The latter is especially true when targeting the causal effect of a time-varying exposure in a longitudinal study. Marginal structural models are a relatively new class of causal models that effectively deal with the estimation of the effects of time-varying exposures.

Are Auditory Steady-State Responses Useful to Evaluate Severe-to-Profound Hearing Loss in Children?

Objective: To evaluate Auditory Steady-State Responses (ASSR) at high intensities in pediatric cochlear implant candidates and to compare the results to behavioral tests responses.

Methods: This prospective study evaluated 42 children with suspected severe-to-profound hearing loss, aged from 3 to 72 months. All had absent ABR and OAE responses.

A cautionary note concerning the use of stabilized weights in marginal structural models.

Marginal structural models are commonly used to estimate the causal effect of a time-varying treatment in presence of time-dependent confounding. When fitting an MSM to data, the analyst must specify both the structural model for the outcome and the treatment models for the inverse-probability-of-treatment weights. The use of stabilized weights is recommended because they are generally less variable than the standard weights.

The evolution of a Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendation: the impact of resistance training on resting blood pressure in adults as an example.

Ever since the first set of hypertension recommendations which were generated from the Canadian Hypertension Education Program, lifestyle and health behaviour have been a key focus. An initial recommendation focused on the benefits of aerobic exercise to reduce resting blood pressure (BP). However, until the 2013 edition, resistance exercise (RT) was not included.

The impact of metabolic syndrome and endothelial dysfunction on exercise-induced cardiovascular changes.

Objective: There is limited information regarding the synergistic or additive effects of metabolic syndrome (MS) and endothelial dysfunction (ED) on cardiovascular disease (CVD). Altered cardiovascular responses to exercise have been shown to predict future cardiovascular events as well as assess autonomic function. The present study evaluated the impact of MS and brachial artery reactivity (a proxy of ED) on peak exercise-induced cardiovascular changes.

The impact of physical activity on mortality in patients with high blood pressure: a systematic review.

Background: Physical activity has been shown to be beneficial for the prevention and management of hypertension. In the general population, physical activity has been shown to decrease mortality.

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize the literature examining the impact of physical activity on mortality in patients with high blood pressure (BP).

Objectively assessed physical activity, sedentary time, and coronary artery calcification in healthy older adults.

Objective: Physical activity is related to lower risk of cardiovascular disease, but data relating to coronary lesions have been conflicting. These inconsistencies may in part be due to unreliable assessment of physical activity and limitations imposed by self-reported data. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and coronary artery calcium (CAC).

Altered mitochondrial regulation in quadriceps muscles of patients with COPD.

Evidence exists for locomotor muscle impairment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including fiber type alterations and reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity. In this study high-resolution respirometry was used to quantify oxygen flux in permeabilized fibres from biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle in patients with COPD and compared to healthy control subjects. The main findings of this study were that (i) routine state 2 respiration was higher in COPD; (ii) state 3 respiration in the presence of ADP was similar in both groups with substrate supply of electrons to complex I (COPD 38·28 ± 3·58 versus control 42·85 ± 3·10 pmol s(-1) mg tissue(-1) ), but O(2) flux with addition of succinate was lower in COPD patients (COPD 63·72 ± 6·33 versus control 95·73 ± 6·53 pmol s(-1) mg tissue(-1) ); (iii) excess capacity of cytochrome c oxidase in COPD patients was only ~50% that of control subjects.