Life-threatening fentanyl overdose beyond medullary depression in breathing.

We sought to determine how the balance between O delivery (Do) and O consumption is altered by fentanyl during the initial and the most critical period following a bolus intravenous injection of high-dose fentanyl. We determined the acute changes in ventilation, gas exchange, and hemodynamic-including cardiac function-along with the acid-base and arterial blood gas status-in 27 unsedated rats, following an intravenous bolus injection of 150 µg/kg fentanyl. This injection produced an immediate coma and central apnea, followed by the emergence of a regular and sustained, yet very depressed, breathing pattern ∼2.

TRPV4 Regulates the Macrophage Metabolic Response to Limit Sepsis-induced Lung Injury.

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response that requires effective macrophage metabolic functions to resolve ongoing inflammation. Previous work showed that the mechanosensitive cation channel, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), mediates macrophage phagocytosis and cytokine production in response to lung infection. Here, we show that TRPV4 regulates glycolysis in a stiffness-dependent manner by augmenting macrophage glucose uptake by GLUT1.

A novel mechanoeffector role of fibroblast S100A4 in myofibroblast transdifferentiation and fibrosis.

Fibroblast to myofibroblast transdifferentiation mediates numerous fibrotic disorders, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We have previously demonstrated that non-muscle myosin II (NMII) is activated in response to fibrotic lung extracellular matrix, thereby mediating myofibroblast transdifferentiation. NMII-A is known to interact with the calcium-binding protein S100A4, but the mechanism by which S100A4 regulates fibrotic disorders is unclear.

Female sexual-offenders: personality pathology as a mediator of the relationship between childhood sexual abuse history and sexual abuse perpetration against others.

Objective: The goal was to examine, in an all female sample, possible mechanisms for the relationship between a history of childhood sexual abuse and the likelihood of perpetrating sexual abuse as an adult. It was hypothesized that Borderline and Antisocial Personality Disorder tendencies would mediate the relationship between these two forms of abuse.

Method: One hundred forty two female participants (61 sex-offenders and 81 non-sex offenders) were recruited from a woman's prison in the Midwest.