Sambucus nigra extracts inhibit infectious bronchitis virus at an early point during replication.

Background: Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a pathogenic chicken coronavirus. Currently, vaccination against IBV is only partially protective; therefore, better preventions and treatments are needed. Plants produce antimicrobial secondary compounds, which may be a source for novel anti-viral drugs.

Generating antibodies to the gene 3 proteins of infectious bronchitis virus.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a group 3 coronavirus, produces three proteins (IBV E, IBV 3a, and IBV 3b) from subgenomic mRNA 3 during infection. IBV E, a viral envelope protein, plays a role in virus budding, possibly by altering membrane morphology at the virus assembly site. In addition to this role, IBV E may also function as a viroporin, although no data from infected cells have confirmed this possibility definitively.

Differential localization and turnover of infectious bronchitis virus 3b protein in mammalian versus avian cells.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) 3b protein is highly conserved among group 3 coronaviruses, suggesting that it is important for infection. A previous report (Virology 2003, 311:16-27) indicated that transfected IBV 3b localized to the nucleus in mammalian cells using a vaccinia-virus expression system. Although we confirmed these findings, we observed cytoplasmic localization of IBV 3b with apparent exclusion from the nucleus in avian cells (IBV normally infects chickens).

Infectious bronchitis virus 3a protein localizes to a novel domain of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

All coronaviruses possess small open reading frames (ORFs) between structural genes that have been hypothesized to play important roles in pathogenesis. Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) ORF 3a is one such gene. It is highly conserved among group 3 coronaviruses, suggesting that it has an important function in infection.

Chromosomal system for studying AmpC-mediated beta-lactam resistance mutation in Escherichia coli.

In some enterobacterial pathogens, but not in Escherichia coli, loss-of-function mutations in the ampD gene are a common route to beta-lactam antibiotic resistance. We constructed an assay system for studying mechanism(s) of enterobacterial ampD mutation using the well-developed genetics of E. coli.

Decreased DNA repair rates and protection from heat induced apoptosis mediated by electromagnetic field exposure.

In this study, we demonstrate that electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure results in protection from heat induced apoptosis in human cancer cell lines in a time dependent manner. Apoptosis protection was determined by growing HL-60, HL-60R, and Raji cell lines in a 0.15 mT 60 Hz sinusoidal EMF for time periods between 4 and 24 h.