Venous Thromboembolism Risk With JAK Inhibitors: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: JAK inhibitor therapies are effective treatment options for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), but their use has been limited by venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk warnings from licensing authorities. We undertook this study to evaluate the VTE risk of JAK inhibitors in patients with IMIDs.

Methods: Systematic searches of Medline and Embase databases from inception to September 30, 2020 were conducted.

TNF-alpha in tuberculosis: a cytokine with a split personality.

TNF-alpha is an essential component of the innate defence mechanism of the host against pathogenic challenge. Unfortunately, it can also play a major role in the pathology of certain diseases, such as tuberculosis. This disease is a striking example of the role of TNF-alpha as a 'double-edged sword', because apart from its role in controlling the Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, it can also cause severe tissue damage.