A conserved hub protein for coordinating peptidoglycan turnover that activates cell division amidases in .

Unlabelled: Gram-negative bacteria produce a multilayered cell envelope in which their peptidoglycan is sandwiched between two membranes, an inner membrane made of glycerophospholipids and an asymmetric outer membrane with glycerophospholipids in the inner leaflet and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer leaflet. The outer membrane contains lipooligosaccharide (LOS), a variant of LPS lacking O-antigen. LPS/LOS is typically essential, but can survive without LOS.

A qualitative exploration of the impact of a hospital electronic prescribing and medicines administration (HEPMA) protocol on junior doctor confidence and competence to prescribe end-of-life care medicines.

Background: With hospital electronic prescribing and medicines administration (HEPMA) systems now in widespread use across hospital inpatient clinical services, work is underway to measure the benefits of HEPMA on healthcare systems and patient care. HEPMA functionality enables users to prescribe medicines by 'bundle' or 'protocol'. Although it is assumed that this is a significant system benefit, there are few qualitative studies supporting this conclusion.

CadB is capable of promiscuously transporting muropeptides and contributing to peptidoglycan recycling.

The bacterial peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall is remodeled during growth and division, releasing fragments called muropeptides. Muropeptides can be internalized and reused in a process called PG recycling. is highly devoted to recycling muropeptides and is known to have at least two transporters, AmpG and OppBCDF, that import them into the cytoplasm.

Practising prioritisation: exploring variation in applying a clinical pharmacy risk stratification tool.

Objectives: To evaluate the use of a risk stratification tool and explore the contributing factors to variation in practice by clinical pharmacists.

Methods: The quantitative phase was a prospective evaluation of adherence to the risk stratification tool. Patients were selected by convenience sampling from medical wards across two hospital sites.

Absence of YhdP, TamB, and YdbH leads to defects in glycerophospholipid transport and cell morphology in Gram-negative bacteria.

The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria provides the cell with a formidable barrier that excludes external threats. The two major constituents of this asymmetric barrier are lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in the outer leaflet, and glycerophospholipids (GPLs) in the inner leaflet. Maintaining the asymmetric nature and balance of LPS to GPLs in the OM is critical for bacterial viability.

Acinetobacter baumannii Can Survive with an Outer Membrane Lacking Lipooligosaccharide Due to Structural Support from Elongasome Peptidoglycan Synthesis.

Gram-negative bacteria resist external stresses due to cell envelope rigidity, which is provided by two membranes and a peptidoglycan layer. The outer membrane (OM) surface contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS; contains O-antigen) or lipooligosaccharide (LOS). LPS/LOS are essential in most Gram-negative bacteria and may contribute to cellular rigidity.

A Whole-Cell Screen Identifies Small Bioactives That Synergize with Polymyxin and Exhibit Antimicrobial Activities against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria.

The threat of diminished antibiotic discovery has global health care in crisis. In the United States, it is estimated each year that over 2 million bacterial infections are resistant to first-line antibiotic treatments and cost in excess of 20 billion dollars. Many of these cases result from infection with the ESKAPE pathogens ( , , , , , and species), which are multidrug-resistant bacteria that often cause community- and hospital-acquired infections in both healthy and immunocompromised patients.

Briareolate esters from the gorgonian Briareum asbestinum.

Two new briarane diterpenoids briareolate esters J (1) and K (2) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the octocoral Briareum asbestinum collected off the coast of Boca Raton, Florida. The structures of briaranes 1 and 2 were elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic data. Briareolate ester K (2) showed weak growth inhibition activity against human embryonic stem cells (BG02).

Young children's responses to media representations of intergroup threat and ethnicity.

Two studies are reported in which ethnic majority children's reactions to media representations of ethnic minorities are examined. In Study 1, 20 white Scottish 6-year-olds viewed short television stories in which white or ethnic minority children were depicted as hostile to the participants' in-group (threat present) or not (threat absent). A strong effect of threat on liking was obtained but no effect of ethnicity of target and no interaction.

Bicyclic C21 terpenoids from the marine sponge Clathria compressa.

Three new bicyclic C(21) terpenoids, clathric acid (1) and two N-acyl taurine derivatives, clathrimides A (2) and B (3), were isolated from the marine sponge Clathria compressa. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic data. Clathric acid showed mild antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive bacteria.

Bioactive diterpenoid containing a reversible "spring-loaded" (E,Z)-dieneone Michael acceptor.

Three new briarane diterpenoids, briareolate esters L-N (1-3), have been isolated from a gorgonian Briareum asbestinum. Briareolate esters L (1) and M (2) are the first natural products possessing a 10-membered macrocyclic ring with a (E,Z)-dieneone and exhibit growth inhibition activity against both human embryonic stem cells (BG02) and a pancreatic cancer cell line (BxPC-3). Briareolate ester L (1) was found to contain a "spring-loaded" (E,Z)-dieneone Michael acceptor group that can form a reversible covalent bond to model sulfur-based nucleophiles.

Self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells requires insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and ERBB2 receptor signaling.

Despite progress in developing defined conditions for human embryonic stem cell (hESC) cultures, little is known about the cell-surface receptors that are activated under conditions supportive of hESC self-renewal. A simultaneous interrogation of 42 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in hESCs following stimulation with mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) conditioned medium (CM) revealed rapid and prominent tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R); less prominent tyrosine phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family members, including ERBB2 and ERBB3; and trace phosphorylation of fibroblast growth factor receptors. Intense IGF1R and IR phosphorylation occurred in the absence of MEF conditioning (NCM) and was attributable to high concentrations of insulin in the proprietary KnockOut Serum Replacer (KSR).

Activin a efficiently specifies definitive endoderm from human embryonic stem cells only when phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling is suppressed.

Human ESCs (hESCs) respond to signals that determine their pluripotency, proliferation, survival, and differentiation status. In this report, we demonstrate that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) antagonizes the ability of hESCs to differentiate in response to transforming growth factor beta family members such as Activin A and Nodal. Inhibition of PI3K signaling efficiently promotes differentiation of hESCs into mesendoderm and then definitive endoderm (DE) by allowing them to be specified by Activin/Nodal signals present in hESC cultures.