Galantamine for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.

Background: Dementia leads to progressive cognitive decline, and represents a significant health and societal burden. Its prevalence is growing, with Alzheimer's disease as the leading cause. There is no cure for Alzheimer's disease, but there are regulatory-approved pharmacological interventions, such as galantamine, for symptomatic relief.

The impact of long-term care interventions on healthcare utilisation among older persons: a scoping review of reviews.

Background: As the ageing population grows, the demand for long-term care (LTC) services will rise, concurrently amplifying healthcare utilisation. This review aims to examine and consolidate information on LTC interventions that influence healthcare utilisation among older persons.

Methods: A scoping review was performed through a systematic search in PubMed, EBSCO CINAHL, EBM Reviews - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, APA PsycInfo, EBM Reviews - Health Technology Assessment, and EBM Reviews - NHS Economic Evaluation Database.

EndoBridge 2023: highlights and pearls.

EndoBridge 2023 took place on October 20-22, 2023, in Antalya, Turkey. Accredited by the European Council, the 3-day scientific program of the 11 Annual Meeting of EndoBridge included state-of-the-art lectures and interactive small group discussion sessions incorporating interesting and challenging clinical cases led by globally recognized leaders in the field and was well attended by a highly diverse audience. Following its established format over the years, the program provided a comprehensive update across all aspects of endocrinology and metabolism, including topics in pituitary, thyroid, bone, and adrenal disorders, neuroendocrine tumors, diabetes mellitus, obesity, nutrition, and lipid disorders.

Utility of mean nocturnal baseline impedance and post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave index in clinical pH-impedance reflux study.

Background And Aims: Analysis of mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) and post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave index (PSPWi) have been proposed to increase the diagnostic yield of pH-impedance studies in reflux disease. However, routine use of these indices in clinical studies is yet to be established, particularly with PSPWi, which requires laborious manual analysis. Our study aimed to assess the utility of MNBI and PSPWi and their potential for future incorporation into clinical practice.

Trends in cataract surgery and healthcare system response during the COVID-19 lockdown in Malaysia: Lessons to be learned.

Background: Elective surgeries were suspended during the national lockdown in March 2020 to curb the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. We sought to evaluate the impact of the lockdown on cataract surgeries and suggest lessons for future outbreaks.

Study Design: We conducted an interrupted time series analysis to examine rates of cataract surgery before and during the lockdown.

Outcomes of Serum Food-Specific Immunoglobulin G 4 to Guide Elimination Diet in Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Introduction: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is associated with atopy; however, recent studies have identified an association with food-specific immunoglobulin G 4 (FS-IgG 4 ) rather than immunoglobulin E antibodies. This study aimed to evaluate the role of serum FS-IgG 4 in guiding an elimination diet and its outcomes.

Methods: Patients with and without EoE were enrolled in a prospective, controlled, single tertiary center trial.

Engineering tumor-colonizing E. coli Nissle 1917 for detection and treatment of colorectal neoplasia.

Bioengineered probiotics enable new opportunities to improve colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, prevention and treatment. Here, first, we demonstrate selective colonization of colorectal adenomas after oral delivery of probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) to a genetically-engineered murine model of CRC predisposition and orthotopic models of CRC.

Colorectal cancer detection and treatment with engineered probiotics.

Bioengineered probiotics enable new opportunities to improve colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, prevention and treatment strategies. Here, we demonstrate the phenomenon of selective, long-term colonization of colorectal adenomas after oral delivery of probiotic Nissle 1917 (EcN) to a genetically-engineered murine model of CRC predisposition. We show that, after oral administration, adenomas can be monitored over time by recovering EcN from stool.

The impact of obesity: a narrative review.

Obesity is a disease with a major negative impact on human health. However, people with obesity may not perceive their weight to be a significant problem and less than half of patients with obesity are advised by their physicians to lose weight. The purpose of this review is to highlight the importance of managing overweight and obesity by discussing the adverse consequences and impact of obesity.

COVID-19 mRNA vaccine immunogenicity decay and breakthrough illness in adolescents and young adults with childhood-onset rheumatic diseases.

Objectives: To evaluate the humoral immunogenicity for 6 months after the two-dose coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccination in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with childhood-onset rheumatic diseases (cRDs).

Methods: This monocentric observational study was conducted between August 2020 and March 2022. Humoral immunogenicity was assessed at 2-3 weeks after first vaccine dose and 1, 3 and 6 months after the second dose by the cPass™ severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralization antibody (nAb) assay.

Risk of Liver Fibrosis Is Associated with More Severe Strokes, Increased Complications with Thrombolysis, and Mortality.

The Fibrosis (FIB)-4 index is an established non-invasive test to detect liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis is postulated to be one of the predictors of the risk of symptomatic Intracranial Haemorrhage (SICH) after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) therapy, the mainstay of treatment following acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, SICH is a feared complication of thrombolytic therapy.

Impact of Traditional and Non-Traditional Lipid Parameters on Outcomes after Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Contradicting evidence exists regarding the role of lipids in outcomes following intravenous (IV) thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Restricted cubic spline curves and adjusted logistic regression were used to evaluate associations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio with poor functional outcome, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) and 90-day mortality, among 1004 acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who received IV tPA in a comprehensive stroke center. Quartile (Q) 1, Q2 and Q3 of HDL-C were associated with increased odds of poor functional outcome (adjusted odds ratio (adjOR) 1.

Independent and combined impact of texture manipulation on oral processing behaviours among faster and slower eaters.

: Food texture can moderate eating rate and energy intake. Many foods are combined with condiments when consumed and the texture and eating properties differ considerably between condiments and carrier foods. Little is known about how combinations of textures impact oral processing or whether these differences are affected by individual eating-styles.

Single-cell transcriptomics and surface epitope detection in human brain epileptic lesions identifies pro-inflammatory signaling.

Epileptogenic triggers are multifactorial and not well understood. Here we aimed to address the hypothesis that inappropriate pro-inflammatory mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of refractory epilepsy (non-responsiveness to antiepileptic drugs) in human patients. We used single-cell cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) to reveal the immunotranscriptome of surgically resected epileptic lesion tissues.

Analysing trends of psychiatric disorders, treatment and service use across time in adults with borderline intellectual impairment: A cross-sectional study of private households.

While there is evidence that mental health problems are more prevalent in people with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) compared to the general population, it is not known to what extent this has varied or changed over time and whether there have been changes in access to services. This paper compares the prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders and monitors trends in treatment and services in this population compared to the general population. We conducted secondary analysis on the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys carried out in England in 2000, 2007 and 2014.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and neurological disorders: a scoping review.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a group of antidiabetic medications with a favourable cardiovascular, renal and overall safety profile. Given the limited treatment options available for neurological disorders, it is important to determine whether the pleiotropic effects of SGLT2i can be utilised in their prevention and management.

Methods: All articles published before 20 March 2021 were systematically searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, APA PsycINFO and ClinicalTrials.

Pro-Inflammatory Derangement of the Immuno-Interactome in Heart Failure.

Chronic heart failure (HF) is a syndrome of heterogeneous etiology associated with multiple co-morbidities. Inflammation is increasingly recognized as a key contributor to the pathophysiology of HF. Heterogeneity and lack of data on the immune mechanism(s) contributing to HF may partially underlie the failure of clinical trials targeting inflammatory mediators.

Texture-based differences in eating rate influence energy intake for minimally processed and ultra-processed meals.

Background: Consumption of ultra-processed foods has been linked with higher energy intakes. Food texture is known to influence eating rate (ER) and energy intake to satiation, yet it remains unclear whether food texture influences energy intakes from minimally processed and ultra-processed meals.

Objectives: We examined the independent and combined effects of food texture and degree of processing on ad libitum food intake.

Robust neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in adolescents and young adults with childhood-onset rheumatic diseases.

Objectives: Immunogenicity to the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in adolescents and young adults (AYA) with childhood-onset rheumatic diseases (cRD) is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the humoral immunogenicity and safety of the vaccines in our AYA with cRD.

Methods: A monocentric observational study with 159 AYA (50.

Association of triglyceride-glucose index with clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving intravenous thrombolysis.

Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the cornerstone of recanalization therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), albeit with varying degrees of response. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a novel marker of insulin resistance, but association with outcomes among AIS patients who have received tPA has not been well elucidated. We studied 698 patients with AIS who received tPA from 2006 to 2018 in a comprehensive stroke centre.

Neutralizing Activity and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine mRNA Persistence in Serum and Breastmilk After BNT162b2 Vaccination in Lactating Women.

Background: There is limited information on the functional neutralizing capabilities of breastmilk SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and the potential adulteration of breastmilk with vaccine mRNA after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of lactating healthcare workers who received the BNT162b2 vaccine and their infants. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, antibody isotypes (IgG, IgA, IgM) and intact mRNA in serum and breastmilk was evaluated at multiple time points using a surrogate neutralizing assay, ELISA, and PCR, over a 6 week period of the two-dose vaccination given 21 days apart.

Effectiveness and quality of peer video feedback in health professions education: A systematic review.

Objectives: This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of peer video feedback (PVF) on healthcare students' reactions and learning outcomes against other feedback methods (e.g., expert- or self-video feedback).