Embryonic and Early Larval Development of the Pacific Razor Clam ().

AbstractThe Pacific razor clam, (Sugpiaq: Cingtaataq, Dixon, 1789), is vital to commercial, recreational, and subsistence fisheries across the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America. Despite the species' status as one of the most popular shellfish species harvested in the Pacific Northwest, British Columbia, and Alaska, its larval development has never been fully characterized. Generating a developmental times series, and describing development fully, is crucial for guiding targeted management, developing a mariculture strategy for the species, and providing a more pointed avenue for studies examining the response of to ocean change.

Effects of temperature acclimation on the upper thermal tolerance of two Arctic fishes.

The thermally dynamic nearshore Beaufort Sea, Alaska, is experiencing climate change-driven temperature increases. Measuring thermal tolerance of broad whitefish () and saffron cod (), both important species in the Arctic ecosystem, will enhance understanding of species-specific thermal tolerances. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent that acclimating broad whitefish and saffron cod to 5°C and 15°C changed their critical thermal maximum (CT) and HSP70 protein and mRNA expression in brain, muscle and liver tissues.

Characterization of the abiotic drivers of abundance of nearshore Arctic fishes.

Fish are critical ecologically and socioeconomically for subsistence economies in the Arctic, an ecosystem undergoing unprecedented environmental change. Our understanding of the responses of nearshore Arctic fishes to environmental change is inadequate because of limited research on the physicochemical drivers of abundance occurring at a fine scale. Here, high-frequency in situ measurements of pH, temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen were paired with daily fish catches in nearshore Alaskan waters of the Beaufort Sea.

Alkalinity cycling and carbonate chemistry decoupling in seagrass mystify processes of acidification mitigation.

The adverse conditions of acidification on sensitive marine organisms have led to the investigation of bioremediation methods as a way to abate local acidification. This phytoremediation, by macrophytes, is expected to reduce the severity of acidification in nearshore habitats on short timescales. Characterizing the efficacy of phytoremediation can be challenging as residence time, tidal mixing, freshwater input, and a limited capacity to fully constrain the carbonate system can lead to erroneous conclusions.

Changes to benthic community structure may impact organic matter consumption on Pacific Arctic shelves.

Changes in species composition and biomass of Arctic benthic communities are predicted to occur in response to environmental changes associated with oceanic warming and sea-ice loss. Such changes will likely impact ecosystem function, including flows of energy and organic material through the Arctic marine food web. Oxygen consumption rates can be used to quantify differences in metabolic demand among species and estimate the effects of shifting community structure on benthic carbon consumption.

Association of MOS-Based Blast Exposure With Medical Outcomes.

The study of effects associated with human exposure to repeated low-level blast during training or operations of select military occupational specialties (MOS) challenges medical science because acute negative effects that might follow such exposures cannot be expected to be clear or prevalent. Any gross effects from such occupational blast exposure on health or performance should be expected to have been already identified and addressed by affected military units through changes to their standard training protocols. Instead, effects, if any, should be expected to be incremental in nature and to vary among individuals of different susceptibilities and exposure histories.

The role thermal physiology plays in species invasion.

The characterization of physiological phenotypes that may play a part in the establishment of non-native species can broaden our understanding about the ecology of species invasion. Here, an assessment was carried out by comparing the responses of invasive and native species to thermal stress. The goal was to identify physiological patterns that facilitate invasion success and to investigate whether these traits are widespread among invasive ectotherms.