DKA/HHS insulin infusion protocol adherence and patient outcomes in Shellharbour Hospital.

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS) are medical emergencies requiring prompt assessment and management to avoid complications.

Aims: To examine adherence to the hospital DKA/HHS insulin infusion protocol, assess outcomes in patients admitted with DKA or HHS, and determine if improvements have been observed from a similar audit in 2016.

Methods: An audit was conducted on 40 patients admitted to Shellharbour Hospital with DKA or HHS.

Postprandial oxidative stress is increased after a phytonutrient-poor food but not after a kilojoule-matched phytonutrient-rich food.

Research indicates that energy-dense foods increase inflammation and oxidative activity, thereby contributing to the development of vascular disease. However, it is not clear whether the high kilojoule load alone, irrespective of the nutritional content of the ingested food, produces the postprandial oxidative and inflammatory activity. This study investigated the hypothesis that ingestion of a high-fat, high-sugar, phytonutrient-reduced food (ice cream) would increase oxidative and inflammatory activity greater than a kilojoule-equivalent meal of a phytonutrient-rich whole food (avocado).