Sociodemographic predictors of transitions across stages of alcohol use, disorders, and remission in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.

Background: Although much is known about risk factors for the initiation of alcohol use, abuse, and dependence, few population-based studies have examined the predictors of transitions across these stages.

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the sociodemographic predictors of transitions across 6 stages of alcohol use in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, a nationally representative household survey of the US population.

Methods: A lifetime history of alcohol use, regular use (at least 12 drinks in a year), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition alcohol abuse and dependence with abuse was collected in 5692 National Comorbidity Survey Replication respondents using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview, Version 3.

Headache in a national sample of American children: prevalence and comorbidity.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, sociodemographic correlates, and comorbidity of recurrent headache in children in the United States. Participants were individuals aged 4 to 18 years (n = 10,198) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Data on recurrent and other health conditions were analyzed.

Prevalence of enuresis and its association with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among U.S. children: results from a nationally representative study.

Objective: There are no published nationally representative prevalence estimates of enuresis among children in the United States using standardized diagnostic criteria. This study sets out to describe the prevalence, demographic correlates, comorbidities, and service patterns for enuresis in a representative sample of U.S.

Improving targets for the prevention of drug use disorders: sociodemographic predictors of transitions across drug use stages in the national comorbidity survey replication.

Objectives: Models of drug use etiology and prevention require precise information concerning the expression of population-based risk factors across the continuum of drug use. However, the majority of previous epidemiologic research on this topic has not addressed transitions between specific drug stages. The present investigation examined the sociodemographic predictors of progression across six stages of drug use in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), a nationally representative household survey of the U.

Physical and mental comorbidity of headache in a nationally representative sample of US adults.

Objective: To investigate the contribution of comorbidity to health utilization and negative health perception in a large-scale population-based study. Comorbidity of headache with physical and mental disorders has been reported frequently in clinical samples.

Methods: This concern was addressed using combined 6-year data from the 1999 to 2004 National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (n = 31,126 adults), nationally representative datasets of the US population.

The importance of timing of transitions for risk of regular smoking and nicotine dependence.

Background: Estimating the timing and speed among smoking milestones is an important challenge for epidemiology given that further reductions in smoking prevalence may be best achieved by programs that target potentially malleable smoking behavior before the development of nicotine dependence.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between the timing and speed of transition among major smoking milestones (onset, weekly, and daily smoking) and onset and recovery from nicotine dependence.

Methods: Analyses are based on data from The National Comorbidity Survey-Replication, a nationally representative face-to-face household survey conducted between February 2001 and April 2003.

Restless legs syndrome is associated with DSM-IV major depressive disorder and panic disorder in the community.

The authors examined the association between restless legs syndrome (RLS) and DSM-IV major depressive disorder and panic disorder based on Wave III and IV of the Baltimore ECA follow-up study. Of 1071 participants, 1024 completed the RLS Questionnaire and Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Adjusted odds ratio for diagnosis of major depressive disorder (4.

Migraine headaches are not associated with a unique depressive symptom profile: results from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study.

Objective: There is a well-established link between migraine headaches and depression. However, it is unclear whether individuals with migraine experience a unique profile of depressive symptoms in comparison to individuals without migraine.

Methods: This question was addressed using data from the Baltimore cohort of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study.

Epidemiology of autoimmune diseases in Denmark.

An epidemiologic study of the autoimmune diseases taken together has not been done heretofore. The National Patient Register of Denmark is used to estimate the population prevalence of 31 possible or probable autoimmune diseases. Record linkage is used to estimate 465 pairwise co-morbidities in individuals among the 31 diseases, and familial aggregation among sibs, parents and offspring.

Magnitude and impact of comorbidity of mental disorders from epidemiologic surveys.

Purpose Of Review: To consider comorbidity across multiple classes of disorders in data derived from recent large-scale community surveys.

Recent Findings: There has been substantial recent progress in our understanding of patterns and implications of comorbidity of mental disorders. There is now converging evidence on the magnitude and specific patterns of comorbidity in international studies worldwide.

Rh and ABO maternal-fetal incompatibility and risk of autism.

We hypothesized that maternal-fetal incompatibility at the Rh or ABO loci may contribute to the risk of autism. There are biologically plausible reasons to believe such effects may play a role, and two previous epidemiologic studies have provided suggestive evidence. To further test this hypothesis, we genotyped the Rh and ABO loci in a sample of 389 independent case-parent trios from the AGRE repository and analyzed the data using a modification of the log-linear model for case-parent trios in which the effects of maternal-fetal genotype incompatibility are modeled jointly with the effects of the affected child's or mother's genotypes.

Relationship between cortisol responses to stress and personality.

Although there is growing evidence of links between the cortisol stress response and personality, the nature of the relationships and the underlying mechanisms require further clarification. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between personality traits and cortisol responses to stress using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory five-factor model of personality. In total, 68 healthy adults, aged 18-30 years, completed the personality assessment and underwent a laboratory psychological stress test that consisted of a 5 min speech and 5-min of mental arithmetic.