New developments in translational microcirculatory research.

Microvascular disease plays a critical role in systemic end-organ dysfunction, and treatment of microvascular pathologies may greatly reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The Call for Papers collection: New Developments in Translational Microcirculatory Research highlights key advances in our understanding of the role of microvessels in the development of chronic diseases as well as therapeutic strategies to enhance microvascular function. This Mini Review provides a concise summary of these advances and draws from other relevant research to provide the most up-to-date information on the influence of cutaneous, cerebrovascular, coronary, and peripheral microcirculation on the pathophysiology of obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular aging, peripheral artery disease, and cognitive impairment.

Adipose stromal vascular fraction reverses mitochondrial dysfunction and hyperfission in aging-induced coronary microvascular disease.

Aging is associated with blunted coronary microvascular vasodilatory function. Previously, systemically administered adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) therapy reversed aging-induced attenuation of β-adrenergic- and flow-mediated dilation dependent on reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. We hypothesized that SVF-mediated recovery of microvascular dilatory function is dependent on recovery of mitochondrial function, specifically by reducing mitochondrial hyperfission.

Stromal Vascular Fraction Restores Vasodilatory Function by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Aging-Induced Coronary Microvascular Disease.

The objective of this study is to identify mechanisms for adipose stromal vascular fraction's (SVF) restorative effects on vasodilation in aging-induced coronary microvascular disease (CMD). We hypothesize that reactive oxygen species (ROS) diminish β1-adrenergic receptor (β1ADR)- and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in coronary arterioles, reversible by SVF and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). SVF attenuates aging-induced chronic accumulation of ROS and pro-oxidant gene and protein expression with enhancement of antioxidant gene and protein expression and glutathione, but not nitric oxide.

Viewing stromal vascular fraction de novo vessel formation and association with host microvasculature using the rat mesentery culture model.

Objective: The objective of the study is to demonstrate the innovation and utility of mesenteric tissue culture for discovering the microvascular growth dynamics associated with adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) transplantation. Understanding how SVF cells contribute to de novo vessel growth (i.e.

State of the field: cellular and exosomal therapeutic approaches in vascular regeneration.

Pathologies of the vasculature including the microvasculature are often complex in nature, leading to loss of physiological homeostatic regulation of patency and adequate perfusion to match tissue metabolic demands. Microvascular dysfunction is a key underlying element in the majority of pathologies of failing organs and tissues. Contributing pathological factors to this dysfunction include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress, endothelial dysfunction, loss of angiogenic potential and vascular density, and greater senescence and apoptosis.

Aging-Induced Impairment of Vascular Function: Mitochondrial Redox Contributions and Physiological/Clinical Implications.

The vasculature responds to the respiratory needs of tissue by modulating luminal diameter through smooth muscle constriction or relaxation. Coronary perfusion, diastolic function, and coronary flow reserve are drastically reduced with aging. This loss of blood flow contributes to and exacerbates pathological processes such as angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery and microvascular disease.

Targeting the Vessel Underdogs: Therapeutic Approaches for Microvessel Dysfunction in the Heart.

From an obscure and overlooked beginning, the function of the microvessels in the heart has received increasing attention after the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation study concluded roughly a decade ago. This review defines the contribution of the coronary microcirculation in the development of heart disease and focuses on the therapeutic methods to reverse coronary microvascular dysfunction. Tissue engineering approaches in the past have largely neglected vascular cells in the attempts to design augmented myocardial tissue, but groups are now making advances that incorporate a functional microcirculation with cardiomyocytes that may advance this line of research.