Tobacco Biomarkers by Latino Heritage and Race, US, 2007 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Background: Tobacco biomarkers reflect smoking intensity and are used to assess cessation status. No study has evaluated variation by Latino heritage.

Methods: Data from the 2007 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to evaluate geometric mean concentrations of serum cotinine and urinary total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), stratified by smoking status and race and ethnicity, and ROC curves estimated values to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers by race and ethnicity and Latino heritage.

Changes in Marital Status Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy: A US Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

Unlabelled: Among a US cohort followed 5 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy, cumulative incidence of marriage and separation/divorce were 18% among unmarried (N=614) and 13% among married (N=827) participants, respectively. Preoperative predictors of marriage included younger age, college degree, lower BMI and cohabitating or being separated (versus single).

Objectives: To describe changes in marital status following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG).

A 7-Year Study of the Durability of Improvements in Pain, Physical Function, and Work Productivity After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Importance: Bariatric surgical procedures are associated with clinically important improvements (CIIs) in pain and physical function. However, there are declines in initial improvement by the third postoperative year, and the long-term durability of improvements are not well-described.

Objective: To evaluate the durability of improvements in pain and physical function through 7 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG).

Hepatitis B RNA and Core-Related Antigen Provide Value Beyond DNA in Evaluating e But Not Surface Antigen Clearance.

In chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance are important milestones toward immune control. A drop in HBV DNA is an established correlate of both HBeAg and HBsAg clearance. We evaluated changes in HBV RNA and hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) levels, markers of transcriptional activity of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), with HBeAg and HBsAg clearance, and compared them with changes in HBV DNA level among adult participants in the Hepatitis B Research Network (HBRN).

Characteristics of Older Patients With Immunotolerant Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection.

Background & Aims: Most patients in the immunotolerant (IT) phase of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) transition to the immune active (IA-hepatitis B surface antigen [HBeAg]+) phase by early adulthood. We examined characteristics of adults in the IT vs IA-HBeAg+ phase and rate of transition from IT to other phases of CHB, with a focus on those ≥40 years.

Methods: Demographic, clinical, and virologic characteristics of participants in the Hepatitis B Research Network adult cohort study with IT CHB (alanine aminotransferase ≤1.

Change in C-reactive protein after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass through 7 years of follow-up.

Background: Long-term change in CRP is not well characterized in the context of RYGB.

Objective: To report C-reactive protein (CRP) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB).

Setting: Between 2006 and 2009 1770 adults enrolled in a prospective cohort study underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) at 1 of 10 U.

A prospective cohort study of renal function and bone turnover in adults with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-HIV co-infection with high prevalence of tenofovir-based antiretroviral therapy use.

Objective: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a common component of antiretroviral therapy in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-HIV co-infected adults but few studies have evaluated worsening renal function and bone turnover, known effects of TDF.

Methods: Adults from eight North American sites were enrolled in this cohort study. Research assessments were conducted at entry and every 24 weeks for ≤192 weeks.

Five-year attrition, active enrollment, and predictors of level of participation in the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS-2) study.

Background: Reporting high-quality bariatric surgery outcomes depends on participant attrition and level of study participation among enrolled participants.

Objectives: Our aims are to report participant attrition, active enrollment, and level of participation, and to evaluate pre-surgery sociodemographic, physical health, and psychosocial factors as predictors of attrition and level of participation through 5 years.

Setting: The Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery-2 study which enrolled 2458 adults undergoing a first bariatric surgical procedure at 1 of 6 US cites from 2006 through 2009.

A Prospective Cohort Study of Novel Markers of Hepatitis B Virus Replication in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection.

Background & Aims: The contribution of the novel biomarkers, hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA and HBV core-related antigen (HBcrAg), to characterization of HBV-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection is unclear. We evaluated the longitudinal dynamics of HBV RNA and HBcrAg and their association with classical HBV serum biomarkers and liver histology and viral staining.

Methods: HBV-HIV co-infected adults from 8 North American centers entered a National Institutes of Health-funded prospective cohort study.

Evolution of Fatty Liver Disease and Relationship With Lipoproteins and Clinical Outcomes in Hepatitis B/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection.

Background: Fatty liver disease (FLD) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occur commonly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). FLD resolution is associated with improvement in lipoproteins in HIV-uninfected patients. We evaluated changes in FLD in an HBV/HIV-coinfected cohort.

A Prospective Study Evaluating Changes in Histology, Clinical and Virologic Outcomes in HBV-HIV Co-infected Adults in North America.

Background And Aims: Histological and clinical outcomes in HBV-HIV coinfection in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) are poorly defined.

Approach And Results: Adult patients co-infected with HBV-HIV from eight North American sites were enrolled in this National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded prospective observational study (n = 139). Demographic, clinical, serological, and virological data were collected at entry and every 24 weeks for ≤ 192 weeks.

Predictors of change in cardiovascular disease risk and events following gastric bypass: a 7-year prospective multicenter study.

Background: Change in short-term (i.e., 10-year) and lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has significant heterogeneity.

Performance of Serum-Based Scores for Identification of Mild Hepatic Steatosis in HBV Mono-infected and HBV-HIV Co-infected Adults.

Background: There are limited data on noninvasive methods to identify hepatic steatosis in coexisting hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.

Aims: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of noninvasive serum-based scores to detect steatosis using two distinct chronic HBV cohorts with liver histology evaluation.

Methods: Chronic HBV cohorts with untreated HBV mono-infection (N = 302) and with treated HBV-HIV (N = 92) were included.

Change in predicted 10-year and lifetime cardiovascular disease risk after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Background: Long-term changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk after bariatric surgery are not well characterized.

Objective: To report sex-specific changes in CVD risk after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB).

Setting: Observational cohort study at ten hospitals throughout the United States.

Weight regain after bariatric surgery: a systematic literature review and comparison across studies using a large reference sample.

Published estimates of weight regain (WR) after bariatric surgery vary greatly. Understanding the sources of variability in the literature and clarifying the magnitude of WR after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) are critical for informing expectations and planning interventions. A literature search through January 2019 yielded 15 English-language studies that reported WR in at least 30 participants, not selected based on weight loss or WR, at least 3 years after primary RYGB (n = 11) or SG (n = 5).

Examining emotion-, personality-, and reward-related dispositional tendencies in relation to eating pathology and weight change over seven years in the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS) study.

This study examined dispositional emotion-, personality/temperament-, and reward-related variables in relation to post-surgery eating pathology and weight-change among 107 adults who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). As part of a prospective cohort study, annual post-surgical assessments were conducted to evaluate eating pathology, using the Eating Disorder Examination-Bariatric Surgery Version, and percent weight change from pre-surgery. Dispositional measures were administered at the 6- or 7-year assessment and included the Affect Intensity Measure, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, Adult Temperament Questionnaire-Effortful Control Scale, and Sensitivity to Punishment/Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire.

Proximal Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: Addressing the myth of limb length.

Background: Some studies suggest that changes in weight or metabolic outcomes are affected by the lengths of the gastrointestinal limbs in the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Methods: Participants (N = 1,770) underwent primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and were followed ≤7 years in the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery-2, a multicenter US cohort study. Alimentary limb and biliopancreatic limb lengths were measured according to research protocol; common channel was measured in a subsample (N = 547).

The impact of childhood trauma on change in depressive symptoms, eating pathology, and weight after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Background: History of childhood trauma is associated with increased risk of mental disorders, eating pathology, and obesity.

Objective: To examine associations between childhood trauma and changes in depressive symptoms, eating pathology, and weight after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB).

Setting: Three U.