OPTimizing Irradiation through Molecular Assessment of Lymph node (OPTIMAL): a randomized clinical trial.

Background And Purpose: In breast cancer (BC) patients, the involvement of four or more lymph nodes (LN) is an indication of regional irradiation. The optimal treatment strategy remains unclear when fewer nodes are involved and lymphadenectomy is not performed. We designed a clinical trial to show the non-inferiority of Incidental (INC) compared to intentional (INT) irradiation of axillary nodes in patients with early-stage BC and low burden LN involvement.

Role of radiotherapy in organ-sparing treatment of seminoma.

Radical orchiectomy is the standard treatment for patients with seminoma. In both bilateral and unilateral testicular cancer, this therapy results in infertility, permanent androgen replacement treatment and significant psychological problems stemming from castration. Given that most patients with germinal cell tumours are long-term survivors, quality of life is becoming more and more relevant in therapeutic decision-making.