Convergent neural connectivity in motor impulsivity and high-fat food binge-like eating in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Food intake is essential for survival, but maladaptive patterns of intake, possibly encoded by a preexisting vulnerability coupled with the influence of environmental variables, can modify the reward value of food. Impulsivity, a predisposition toward rapid unplanned reactions to stimuli, is one of the multifaceted determinants underlying the etiology of dysregulated eating and its evolving pathogenesis. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a major neural director of reward-driven behavior and impulsivity.

Endogenous Serotonin 5-HT and 5-HT Receptors Associate in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex.

The 5-HT receptor (5-HTR) and 5-HTR are localized to the same neurons within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), which regulates executive function, decision-making, and reward-guided learning and memory processes. The 5-HTR and 5-HTR coimmunoprecipitate in the mPFC of male Sprague-Dawley rats, while in vitro studies demonstrate the presence of a physical interaction between the 5-HTR and 5-HTR. The purpose of this study was to identify mPFC subregions in which the 5-HTR and 5-HTR physically interact ex vivo in the male Sprague-Dawley rat.

Pimavanserin and Lorcaserin Attenuate Measures of Binge Eating in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by dysregulated feeding and reward-related processes, and treatment is often challenged by limited therapeutic options. The serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT receptor (5-HTR) and 5-HTR are implicated in both feeding-related and reward-related behaviors and are thus poised to regulate BED-related behaviors. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of the FDA-approved medications pimavanserin, a 5-HTR antagonist/inverse agonist, and lorcaserin, a 5-HTR agonist, in a rodent model of binge eating.

Anterior insula activity regulates the associated behaviors of high fat food binge intake and cue reactivity in male rats.

Binge eating episodes are characterized by uncontrollable, excessive intake of food and are associated with binge eating disorder and some subtypes of obesity. One factor thought to contribute to binge episodes is a high level of reactivity to food-associated cues (i.e.

Serotonin 5-HT Receptor Activation Suppresses Binge Intake and the Reinforcing and Motivational Properties of High-Fat Food.

Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by dysfunctional hedonic food intake and reward-related processes. Activation of the serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT receptor (5-HTR) suppresses both food intake and reward-related behaviors and is thus poised to regulate BED. This study assessed the effects of 5-HTR activation the selective 5-HTR agonist WAY163909 on binge eating-related behaviors in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Inhibitory behavioral control: A stochastic dynamic causal modeling study comparing cocaine dependent subjects and controls.

Cocaine dependence is associated with increased impulsivity in humans. Both cocaine dependence and impulsive behavior are under the regulatory control of cortico-striatal networks. One behavioral laboratory measure of impulsivity is response inhibition (ability to withhold a prepotent response) in which altered patterns of regional brain activation during executive tasks in service of normal performance are frequently found in cocaine dependent (CD) subjects studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Complex formation and regulation of Escherichia coli acetyl-CoA carboxylase.

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is a biotin-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the regulated step in fatty acid synthesis. The bacterial form has three separate components: biotin carboxylase, biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP), and carboxyltransferase. Catalysis by acetyl-CoA carboxylase proceeds via two half-reactions.

The three-dimensional structure of the biotin carboxylase-biotin carboxyl carrier protein complex of E. coli acetyl-CoA carboxylase.

Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) carboxylase is a biotin-dependent, multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the regulated step in fatty acid synthesis. The Escherichia coli enzyme is composed of a homodimeric biotin carboxylase (BC), biotinylated biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP), and an α2β2 heterotetrameric carboxyltransferase. This enzyme complex catalyzes two half-reactions to form malonyl-coenzyme A.